Introduction/Objective. The aim of the study was to examine the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in a prospective three-year period as well as to establish the risk factors for DN progression. Methods. The study involved 45 patients with type 2 diabetes and DN (26 males, aged 18-62 years) followed for three years. All patients underwent physical examination and laboratory analysis at each visit. Laboratory analyses included complete blood count, serum glucose, urea, creatinine, protein, lipid concentration, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and urine protein, albumin and creatinine concentration. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. Kidney length and parenchymal thickness were measured by ultrasound. Results. Fasting serum glucose concentration (12.0 ? 2.79 vs. 9.50 ? 2.22, p < 0.001) and HbA1c (7.99 ? 1.43 vs. 7.49 ? 1.29, p < 0.031) were decreased over the three years. Albuminuria increased (43.75 ? 10.83 vs. 144.44 ? 52.70 mg/l, p < 0.001) and GFR (63 vs. 58.3 ml/min/1,73m2) decreased significantly during the study, but serum lipid concentration remained unchanged. Mean kidney length and parenchymal thickness decreased during the three years. Linear regression analysis found systolic blood pressure, fasting glycemia, HbA1c as positive and kidney length and parenchymal thickness as negative predictors of proteinuria increase, but proteinuria as negative and serum iron and albumin concentrations as positive predictors of annual change in GFR. Conclusion. High blood pressure and high HbA1c are selected as significant risk factors for increasing of proteinuria which is a significant predictor of GFR decreasing in patients with DN.

Introduction. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is considered the reference diagnostic method for quantifying right ventricular size and function, and pulmonary regurgitation in patients with tetralogy of Fallot surgery. The aim of this paper is to confirm the importance of magnetic resonance continuous postoperative monitoring of right and left heart function parameters as a diagnostic method that provides the most precise and accurate assessment.Methods. The prospective observational study included subjects with TOF surgery who were diagnosed with residual morphological and/or functional disorders on control postoperative echocardiographic examinations. All subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the heart on a 1.5 T scanner with dedicated coils for the heart surface according to the standard protocol for a period of one year from the beginning of the study. Criteria for exclusion from the study were: significant residual pulmonary stenosis, condition after pulmonary valve replacement, existence of residual shunt lesions, contraindications for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (pacemaker, ICD, claustrophobia). Depending on the time elapsed since the tetralogy of Fallot surgery, the subjects were divided into groups: more than 15 years, 11−15 years, 6−10 years, less than 5 years. Results.The study included 131 subjects with an average age of 24.18 ± 11.57 years with complete correction of TOF. Intergroup differences in values of right ventricular end-diastolic volume, right ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular ejection fraction were demonstrated, but there was no statistically significant intergroup difference in values of pulmonary regurgitation fraction. The negative interaction of the right and left ventricles intensifies during the years of follow-up of patients after TOF surgery, which is especially true fifteen years after surgery. Conclusion.CMR has the most significant role in research efforts aimed at improving the outcomes of operated patients with tetralogy of Fallot.

No abstract

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of humic acid on the growth seedling of two tomato cultivars CeylandoF1 and RallyF1, under greenhouse conditions. Treatment with „Humistar“ was started in the two-leaf stage of the plant. One level of humic acid of 20 ml l-1 was applied to the seedling growing media and each seedling of the species was treated every ten days until transplanting directly into the soil in greenhouse.The higest growth rate: leaf (weight), stem (diameter and weight) and root (weight and lenght) growth were optained in cultivar RallyF1 as compared to the control and leaf, stem and root weight compared to Ceylando F1 cultivar.General, the results showed that humic acid influenced better root development in both examined tomato cultivars.

Uvod. Ciljevi rada su bili da se utvrdi učestalost i faktori rizika za dijabetesnunefropatiju (DN) kod bolesnika sa tipom 2 dijabetesa i faktori povezanisa pogoršanjem funkcije bubrega tokom trogodišnjeg perioda.Metode. Studija je obuhvatila 81 bolesnika sa tipom 2 dijabetesa kojisu na početku studije svrstani u dvije grupe: prva, 41 bolesnik sa DN (27muškaraca, 62,03 ± 7,73 godina) i druga, 40 bolesnika bez DN (17 muškogpola, 61,73 ± 11,55 godina). Svim bolesnicima je uzeta anamneza, urađenobjektivni pregled i laboratorijska ispitivanja. Na osnovu rezultata ispitivanja,poslije tri godine bolesnici obje grupe su podijeljeni u podgrupe sanepromjenjenom funkcijom bubrega i podgrupe sa pogoršanjem funkcijedefinisanim kao povećanje proteinurija i/ili smanjenje jačine glomerulskefiltracije (JGF) za više od 25%.Rezultati. Na početku ispitivanja zabilježena je visoka učestalost poznatihfaktora rizika za dijabetes i DN kod obje grupe. Multivarijantna logističkaanaliza izdvojila je ženski pol i trajanje dijabetesa kao značajne prediktoreDN. Nakon tri godine funkcija bubrega se pogoršala kod oko 50% bolesnikasa i bez DN, a u podgrupama sa pogoršanjem funkcije bubrega glikemijanašte i HbA1c su bili statistički značajno veći nego u podgrupama sastabilnom funkcijom bubrega. Linearna regresiona analiza je pokazala daje promjena JGF u trogodišnjem periodu značajno povezana sa starošćubolesnika, trajanjem dijabetesa, sistolnim krvnim pritiskom, razlikom u dijastolnomkrvnom pritisku i proteinuriji. Promjena u proteinuriji značajnoje povezana sa sistolnim krvnim pritiskom, razlikom u dijastolnom krvnompritisku, kao i HbA1c i JGF na kraju studije.Zaključak. Kod bolesnika sa tipom 2 dijabetesa ženski pol i duže trajanjedijabetesa izdvojeni su kao značajni faktori rizika za DN, a starost bolesnika,trajanje dijabetesa, povišen krvni pritisak, loša glikoregulacija kao faktoririzika za pogoršanje funkcije bubrega.