to Erythromycin (10g), 23.07% were resistant to Trimethoprim (5g), 7.69% were resistant to Kanamycin (30g), and 3.84% were resistant to Ciprofloxacin (5g) and Gentamycin (10g). Six out of fourteen marine isolates showed potential antibiofilm activity and were further sequenced to identify the isolates as well as compound characterization. One isolate showed stable results for the inhibition and destruction assay and were further characterized to identify its bioactive compounds.Conclusion: Marine bacteria are potential source of antimicrobial and antibiofilm resources and this activity were promising as potential candidate for many industrial application.
15% respectively whereas 7% had both the integrons. Transferability of PMQR genes to transconjugants was confirmed. Interestingly, neither the fluoroquinolone consumption in the hospital nor the frequency of PMQR isolates varied much in the four years of the study.
Conclusion:Only three strains with MIC >256g/mL were PMQR-negative. The frequency of PMQR genes among the bacterial population studied is higher than reported elsewhere. Notably, all the ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli carried PMQR genes. The presence of PMQR gene in Providencia rettgeri has not been reported before. Finally, this study reports the single mutant variant of aac(6')-Ib gene for the first time from the clinical isolates. To conclude there is a need for rational usage of fluoroquinolones and reconsideration of their clinical breakpoints.Pair-wise distance matrix analysis of acc(6')-Ib-cr gene.
Background: Monitoring uptake of infection prevention and control (IPC) interventions is critical for the targeted and rational use of limited resources. A national facility readiness assessment conducted in August 2020 provided key information for targeted interventions to strengthen priority IPC areas. We assessed the level of COVID-19 preparedness in the facilities, identified priority COVID-19 IPC gaps, and generated a baseline report to further guide IPC investments at all levels. Methods: The Kenya Ministry of Health in collaboration with the CDC and International Training and Education Center for Health adapted a WHO Facility Readiness Assessment tool to include COVID-19–specific areas. In August 2020, data were collected using tablets through an Android-based electronic platform and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Assessments were conducted in public, private, and faith-based health facilities nationally after 4 months of preparedness and investment in the healthcare system. Results: We assessed 684 facilities of the targeted 844 (81%). Overall facility readiness in Kenya was rated above average (61%), and the performance score significantly increased with the Kenya Essential Package for Health level, with level 5 and 6 facilities scoring an average of 83% and 79% respectively. Of the assessed facilities, 82% had an appointed IPC coordinator. Only 14% of the facilities had all the required guidelines, policies, and the appropriate COVID-19 case definitions. 67% of the facilities had updated supply inventories for past week. Only 50% of the facilities had adequate supplies of N95 masks. The assessment revealed that 52% of healthcare facilities had trained their healthcare workforce; morticians were the least trained (only 17% of facilities). Moreover, 41% of the facilities had clear work plans for monitoring healthcare workers exposures to COVID-19, but only 33% of the facilities had policies on the management of infected healthcare workers. Conclusions: The findings provided critical information for stakeholders at all levels to be used for policy decisions, to prioritize key intervention areas in leadership and governance of facility IPC programs, for guideline development, and for capacity building and targeted investment in IPC to improve COVID-19 facility preparedness.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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