No abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the dental caries among primary school children (first grades) in Eastern, Southeast and Vardar Region of the Republic of Macedonia and evaluate if the disease pattern is different between the regions. Materials and Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted in 2013 involving 301 six year old primary school children (born in 2007), who were randomly selected from seven central and 13 regional primary schools. The ethical clearance was taken from institutional ethical committee of the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of St Cyril and St Meth and parental consent was obtained for each child. Participants' dental status was evaluated using the 1997 World Health Organization caries diagnostic criteria for decayed, missing and filled primary teeth (DMFT) and Decayed, Missing or Filled permanent Teeth (DMFT) by two calibrated examiners. Data obtained during the survey were stored in a database (SPSS 13.00 and tested for possible statistically significant differences using the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test. A p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The total number of children in the sample was 301, comprising 152 (50.50%) females and 149 (49.50%) males. The results of this survey showed that the DMFT score of the six year-old children from all three regions was 5.59 ± 3.82, while in the Eastern region was 5.65 ± 3.68 for the primary dentition and 0.04 ± 0.28 for the permanent dentition. Average DMFT score of the six year-old children from the southeast region was 5,29 ± 4.30 for the primary dentition and 0.07 ± 0.3 for the permanent dentition, while for six year-old children group from the Vardar region it was 5.81 ± 3.5 for primary dentition and 0.17 ± 0.5 for the permanent dentition. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test by ranks gave a p-value of 0.4 > 0.05, indicating that there was no statistically significant difference between DMFT scores of six year-old children from different regions for primary teeth. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test by ranks gave a p-value of 0.03 < 0.05, indicating that there were statistically significant differences between DMFT scores of six year-old children from different regions for permanent teeth. Significant caries (SiC) index was 9.93 ± 2.0. The prevalence of caries-free children was 15.82%. The percentage of untreated caries or the ratio of DMFT/DMFT was 0.8581 (85.81%). Conclusions:Dental caries experience was seen to be high among six year old school children (first grades) in Eastern, Southeast and Vardar Region of the Republic of Macedonia.

Cilj ovog in vitro istraživanja bio je utvrditi učinak fluoridnih gelova i lakova u odnosu na CPP-ACP kompleks na sprječavanje demineralizacije cakline. Materijali i Metode: Caklinski blokovi su ispolirani, podijeljeni u osam grupa i izloženi dnevnom cikličkom režimu. Tri skupine su tretirane 10 minuta s fluoridnim gelovima: Fluorogal, Fluor Protector Gel and Cervitec Gel, jedna je tretirana samo s GC Tooth Mousse i jedna je tretirana s GC Tooth Mousse (Recaldent CPP-ACP 10.0%).. Preostale tri grupe su tretirane fluoridnim lakovima: Fluoridin Gel N5, Bifluorid 12 i Fluor Protector. Oni su premazivani jedanput na tjedan prije demineralizacijskog razdoblja. Svi uzorci su čuvani u umjetnoj slini između i nakon ciklusa. Površinska mikrotvrdoća (SMH) uzoraka je mjerena na početku i nakon 12 dana koristeći HMV-2000 (Shimadzu, Japan). Postotak promjene SMH (% SMH) je izračunat nakon cikličkog režima. Podaci su analizirani t-testom za individualne usporedbe (p<0,05). Rezultati: Statistička analiza t-testom pokazala je značajnu razliku između SMH prije i nakon tretmana fluoridima u svim skupinama. Sve skupine tretirane fluoridnim gelovima, lakovima i GC Tooth Mousseom pokazale su povećanje SMH. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike između postotaka promjene SMH cakline između skupina. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike između fluoridnih gelova, lakova i GC Tooth Moussea. Zaključak: Rezultati dobiveni u ovom istraživanju pokazali su da fluoridni lakovi, gelovi i Tooth Mousse učinkovito sprječavaju demineralizaciju u eksperimentalnim uvjetima. Ključne riječi fluoridacija, površinska; zubna caklina; tvrdoća; zub, demineralizacija

No abstract

Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is the most common autosomal chromosome aberration in human. The incidence of the syndrome varies in 1:700 and 1:1000 live births according to various studies, with 20% of cases. In aborted material proportion is even higher, with 60% of cases. While 20% of cases with Down syndrome are stillborn.