The overexpression of Metallothionein-1 (MT-1) may play an important role in breast cancer; however, few studies have compared MT-1 expression between breast cancer and fibroadenoma. A cross-sectional controlled study was performed in 66 premenopausal women, aged 20–49 years, who had been histologically diagnosed with breast fibroadenoma or breast cancer. The patients were divided into two groups: group A, control (fibroadenoma, n = 36) and group B, study (breast cancer, n = 30). Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue samples of fibroadenoma and breast cancer patients to evaluate the expression of metallothionein using an anti-MT-1 polyclonal antibody (rabbit polyclonal anti-metallothionein-Catalog Number biorbyt-orb11042) at a dilution of 1:100. The data were analyzed using NOVA (p < 0.05). Microscopic analysis showed a higher concentration of anti-MT-1-stained nuclei in breast cancer tissues than in fibroadenoma tissues. The mean proportion of cells with anti-MT-1-stained nuclei was 26.93% and 9.10%, respectively, in the study and control groups (p < 0.001). Histological grade 3 tumors showed a significantly higher MT-1 expression than hitological grade 1 (p < 0.05), while breast tumors negative for estrogen-, progesterone- and HER2- receptors had a significantly higher MT-1 expression than positive breast tumors positive for these parameters (p < 0.05). MT-1 protein in women of reproductive age was significantly higher in breast cancer than in fibroadenoma in this study. Furthermore, there was higher MT-1 immunoreactivity in more aggressive tumors.

Breast cancer is a disease of unknown etiology, whose major risk factors are genetic alterations. Polymorphism of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) has been a focus of some recent studies, due to a probable association with breast cancer risk and tumor aggressiveness. A relationship between polymorphic rs17251221 variant of the CaSR gene, and allele G (considered a gain-of-function mutation) and breast cancer risk has been stressed, despite the paucity of studies found in the literature. The present study involved 137 women (69 women with breast cancer-case; and 68 controls without breast cancer) who had 3 ml of peripheral blood drawn for DNA study. Genomic DNA was extracted from leukocytes by genotyping technique with real-time polymerase chain reaction. The AG genotype (rs17251221) was present in 13 women (18.84%) from the case group and in 8 (11.76%) women from the control group (p = 0.3434), while the GG genotype (rs17251221) did not occur in any group. In contrast, no statistically significant difference was observed between the AG genotype of variant rs17251221 in premenopausal case and control women (p = 0.71). There was also no statistically significant difference between postmenopausal case and control patients (p = 0.6851). In the current study, CaSR gene polymorphism of SNP variant rs17251221 did not show any statistically significant association with breast cancer, in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the relationship between rs17576 (MMP-9) polymorphism and increased cancer risk in a Brazilian breast cancer cohort. METHODS: This study included 141 women (71 breast cancer patients and 70 controls without breast cancer) who donated 3 mL of their peripheral blood for genomic DNA extraction. This DNA was then genotyped using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The AG (rs17576) genotype was identified in 26 (18.43%) participants in the case group and in 22 (15.60%) participants in the control group ( p =0.274), while the GG genotype was identified in ten (7.09%) participants in the case group and in one (0.70%) participant in the control group ( p <0.003 - OR (95% CI) 13.13 (1.73, 593.08). No significant difference in the incidence rates was observed for AG or GG rs17576 genotypes in premenopausal women, p =0.813 and p =0.556, respectively. However, in postmenopausal women, the AG genotype was shown to occur in 14 (22.5%) participants in the case group and in 4 (6.45%) participants in the control ( p <0.043), while GG genotype occurred in eight (12.90%) of the individuals in the case group and in none of the individuals in the control group ( p <0.006). CONCLUSION: In this study, the MMP-9 rs17576 GG polymorphic variant was shown to be significantly associated with breast cancer risk in premenopausal women, while the AG and GG genotypes were associated with increased cancer risk in postmenopausal women.

Perfil da água para o consumo humano e notificação de doenças em uma macrorregião do

A berinjela e o quiabo são vegetais amplamente conhecidos por seu valor nutricional e terapêutico. Na busca por alimentos com atividades funcionais, tem-se estudado a aplicação de farinhas vegetais no desenvolvimento de produtos, como biscoitos, no intuito de atrelar valor nutricional e sensorial. Diante disto, objetivou-se desenvolver e avaliar biscoitos tipo cookie elaborados com farinha de berinjela (Solanum melongena L.) e quiabo (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). Tratou-se de uma pesquisa desenvolvida na Universidade Federal do Piauí, iniciando com preparo das farinhas através da desidratação e trituração dos vegetais. A partir de uma formulação padrão, parte da farinha de trigo integral foi substituída por farinhas de berinjela e quiabo. Foram desenvolvidas quatro formulações de biscoito: padrão (BP), com apenas farinha de trigo integral; BB, com 25% de farinha de berinjela; BQ, com 25% de farinha de quiabo e; BBD, com 25% do blend de farinhas de berinjela e quiabo. Os biscoitos foram avaliados quanto às características físico-química (umidade, cinzas, proteínas, lipídios, fibra bruta e carboidratos), aceitabilidade sensorial global e dos atributos cor, sabor, aroma e textura e, intenção de compra A análise estatística foi realizada no Software STATISTICA v.7.0. As farinhas elaboradas apresentaram bom rendimento e diferiram entre si na composição química. Quanto aos biscoitos, todos diferiram (p0,05) quanto aos teores de umidade, cinzas, proteínas e carboidratos. Na análise sensorial, a amostra de biscoito padrão foi a que obteve maior aceitação em todos os atributos, seguido dos biscoitos de berinjela e blend (p>0,05).O BQ diferiu do padrão em todas as caracteristicas, estando as médias entre "gostei ligeiramente" a "desgostei ligeiramente", resultado refletido na baixa intenção de compra indicada na pesquisa. Portanto, apesar das farinhas proporcionarem maior teor de nutrientes aos produtos, também forneceram características sensoriais de baixa aceitação, sendo necessário novos estudos para melhor adaptar sua formulação.