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Abstract. -The dorsal gill-arch musculature (DGM) Mugilomorpha + Atherinomorpha (= Percesoces Cope, 1875), Gasterosteomorpha, and. possibly, Centrisciformes (a pre-percomorph group, comprising only Centriscidae). Gasterosteomorpha includes a monophyletic Hypoptychidae {Hypoptychus + Aulichthys), Elassomatidae, Aulorhynchidae, monophyletic Synbranchiformes (Synbranchidae + Mastacembelidae), and Gasterosteidae, thus corroborating various hypotheses of Johnson and Patterson (1993) and Johnson and Springer (1997)

LETTERSUndercover. Many Alpheidae shrimps live deep in the reef and are impossible to collect nonlethally. Published by AAAS