Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a distribuição espacial e evolução da leishmaniose visceral (LV) no período de 1986 a 2017 e sua correlação com indicadores socioeconômicos no estado do Ceará, com base nos boletins emitidos pela Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Ceará e documentos do Ministério da Saúde e Atlas Brasil. Os dados foram analisados através do programa Bioestat 5.0. Constatou-se que a LV encontra-se distribuída em 95% do território cearense, com taxa de incidência de 1,9 a 9,1/100.000 hab e letalidade média de 5,7%. Testes de correlação de Pearson indicam correlação positiva da incidência de LV com Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) municipal e Renda percapita (p<0,0001; r = 0,44 e 0,63, respectivamente). Conclui-se que a LV no Ceará é uma endemia grave e não controlada. Os dados revelaram que quanto maior a renda e o IDH do município, maior a taxa de incidência de LV. Palavras-chaves: Leishmaniose visceral, Lutzomyia longipalpis, epidemiologia. Correlation between Visceral Leishmaniasis and Socioeconomic IndicatorsAbstract: The aim of this study was to describe the spatial distribution and evolution of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the period 1986 to 2017 and also its correlation with socioeconomic indicators in the state of Ceará, based on the epidemiological bulletin of the Health Department of Ceará, Ministry of Health documents and "Atlas Brasil" data. The data were analyzed by the program Bioestat 5.0. The results showed that the VL was 95% distributed throughout the territory of Ceará, with an incidence rate between 1.9 and 9.1/100.000 inhabitants and an average case fatality rate of 5.7%. The Pearson's correlation test indicates a positive correlation between the incidence of VL and the municipal Human Development Index (HDI) and per capita income (p<0.0001, r = 0.44 and 0.63, respectively). It can be concluded that VL in Ceará is a serious endemic disease that is not under control. The data showed that, the higher the municipal income and the HDI, the higher the incidence rate of VL.
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