The construction sector represents worldwide a benchmark for the development of the scales of the economy. In Mexico, despite the boom in housing construction, many construction companies are bankrupt. This situation is worrisome because, in addition, thousands of jobs are generated in this sector, but at the same time, it is here where many accidents occur that immediately result in social and economic effects. For this reason, and despite the advances that have been shown in Mexico, it is necessary to continue working on the analysis of the situation, since, even today, there are businessmen and engineers at all levels who consider that the prevention of occupational risks is an unnecessary expense, the level of awareness has not yet been reached, much less cultural that safety in the works must be an essential part of the quality of the product. In this same sense, construction companies, clients and society itself must be aware of the degree of economic impact caused by accidents and the urgency of carrying out strategic and preventive actions from the moment the activities are planned.
Aplicación del modelo "Antecedente-ComportamientoConsecuencia" en la construcción de lumbreras y túneles * Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, MÉXICO Resumen En la presente investigación y como primera etapa, se pretende mostrar como en una obra de construcción y de forma particular en la construcción de lumbreras y túneles, los incidentes y accidentes laborales se deben en su mayoría a factores que involucran de forma directa los comportamientos de los trabajadores, aún cuando las condiciones físicas de la obra se hayan previsto totalmente. La investigación se basa en la información recopilada durante dos años en las actividades de construcción de la obra del sistema de drenaje profundo en México, que llevan a cabo cuatro de las principales empresas constructoras mexicanas. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo desde el punto de vista de la supervisión externa del proyecto, lo que permite contar con información representativa, sin la manipulación de datos que puedan afectar o beneficiar a las empresas participantes. Posteriormente, como segunda etapa de la investigación, considerando que la ejecución del proyecto requerirá de al menos otros tres años, se pretende desarrollar e implantar un plan de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales (PRL) Basado en la intervención conductual de los trabajadores, con la finalidad de reducir al mínimo la presencia de accidentes laborales.Palabras Clave: Prevención, riesgos, accidentes, comportamientos, consecuencias AbstractThe first part of this research shows that in the works of shafts and tunnels construction, incidents and accidents are mostly caused by factors involving directly the workers behavior, even when the work safety conditions have been provided completely. The research is based on the data collected during two years in the construction of a deep drainage system in the Mexico City, which was carried out by four major Mexican construction companies. This research was developed from by external project monitoring, which allows using representative data without the problem of affect or benefit participating companies. Considering that the construction of the project will require three more years, the second part of the research aims to develop and implement a plan of labor risks prevention (LRP) based on the behavioral intervention of workers, in order to minimize the presence of accidents at work.
Riesgos laborales implícitos en la construcción de las lumbreras para el túnel emisor oriente en México Risks involved in shaft construction for the eastern drainage tunnel in MexicoRiscos laborais implícitos na construção das saídas de ventilação para o túnel emissor oriente no México
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