O objetivo principal deste estudo seccional foi averiguar a presença de comprometimento auditivo retrococlear num grupo de trabalhadores de manutenção de um hospital de grande porte com histórico de exposição a ruído. Foram avaliados 31 trabalhadores de três setores da divisão de engenharia entre 25 e 60 anos e com exposição contínua a ruído entre 2 e 45 anos. O processo avaliativo contou com triagem audiométrica ocupacional e audiometria troncoencefálica (ATE). Foram detectadas anormalidades na ATE em sete pacientes (22,6%), caracterizadas por aumento de latências de ondas III (14,3%) e V (28,6%); prolongamento dos interpicos I-III (71,4%), III-V (28,6%) e I-V (85,7%). Das 35 orelhas com audição normal (três unilateralmente e 32 bilateralmente), quatro (11,4%) apresentaram comprometimento retrococlear. A alta prevalência de comprometimento retrococlear no grupo induz supor que tal distúrbio seja mais frequente que o encontrado e esteja sendo subestimado na investigação diagnóstica desses trabalhadores. A ocorrência desses resultados sem a presença de alterações audiométricas sugere que a ATE seja mais sensível que a audiometria tonal na investigação de perda auditiva provocada por ruído, por isso sua utilização deva ser incentivada.
During the COVID 19 pandemic, wearing a mask has become the norm for personal protection. Low-cost face masks made from different cloth materials are common in developing countries. The efficiency of a mask is characterized by its constituent materials; however, its fitting performance is not yet defined. In this study, low-cost mask designs for children were developed. Preferences of children were obtained via a survey. The morphologies of the masks were developed using geometric origami. An experimental visualization test was established by simulating sneezes of children, considered as the riskiest event by which the virus can be spread. Given the lack of data on children, the main features of their sneezes were scaled from adult data. A quantitative methodology was developed to assess the performance of a mask by using tracer particles and recording with high-speed cameras. Five mask configurations were analyzed, considering the mask size and the presence of a filter and a nose clip. The mask size and presence of a clip were identified as key factors affecting the fitting performance during a simulated sneeze.
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