Leptospirosis is a ubiquitous distributed zoonotic infectious disease present in wild and domestic animals. This study aimed to estimate within-herd and herd-level seroprevalence against pathogenic Leptospira spp. in dairy cows from southern Chile and identify risk factors associated with the herd-level status. We used a multi-stage strategy combined with a stratified sample strategy for randomly sampling 147 herds and 4876 lactating cows. We considered as infected a herd with at least one positive reactor to MAT. In addition, an epidemiological survey was applied to the herd’s owners and a logistic regression (LR) model was constructed to analyze it. The overall within-herd prevalence was 5.9% (95% CI 4.9–6.8), the overall herd-level prevalence was 42.2% (95% CI 9.2–47.9), and there was variation in both between different herd sizes. L. borgpetersenii serovars Hardjo and Tarassovi and L. interrogans serovar Pomona were the more frequent serovars in non-vaccinated herds. A factor that decreases the risk of a farm being infected was Leptospira vaccine usage (OR = 0.04; 95% CI = 0.02–0.11), and variables that increase risk were using bulls for mating (OR = 3.43; 95% CI = 1.1–10.1) and continuous calving distribution (OR = 3.4; 95% CI = 1.3–8.8). The study’s results will contribute to unravelling the infection burden in the main dairy area of the country and designing control strategies.
Con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia de tratamientos homeopáticos en el control de nematodosis gastrointestinal en bovinos, a través del porcentaje de reducción (%RH) de huevos por gramo de heces (HPG), se realizó una investigación con 60 bovinos mestizos, los cuales se ajustaron según su edad y distribuyeron en cinco tratamientos (T), tres con remedios homeopáticos (Arsenicum album, Artemisia cina y Sulphur), un grupo alopático (Fenbendazol 10 %) y otro control, siendo administrados por vía oral, a una dosis de 10 mL·animal-1·día-1, en los T homeopáticos al grupo respectivo, y al control agua destilada por cinco días consecutivos; al T alopático se le suministró una única dosis de 5 mg·kg-1 de peso vivo. La eficacia fue calculada a través del %RH, comparado con el grupo control. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el T alopático, obtuvo un %RH de 88,5 % en la cuarta semana, pero con disminución del %RH desde la séptima a la novena semana con 42,68 y 5,32 %, respectivamente. En el caso de los remedios homeopáticos, el que presentó mejor eficacia fue A. cina con una reducción del 93,62 % en la novena semana del estudio; en el caso de sulphur 84,57 % y A. album, mostró un %RH hasta 49,96 %. Remedios homeopáticos como A. cina y sulphur mostraron eficacia frente a nematodos gastrointestinales en bovinos, siendo unas alternativas a productos alopáticos como Fenbendazol 10 %, por su mayor %RH a través del ensayo.
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