Science and technology continue to develop at an increasingly fast pace. As a form of positive interaction with the development of science and technology, learning activities need to use information technology advance to improve the learning process of students to gain broader insight and experience to achieve 21st-century educational competence. The development of learning media utilizes social media favored by teenagers is expected to be used as a means to display abstract social studies concepts to be seen as concrete. The use of the Instagram application offers various simplicity in presenting material through photos or videos with attractive designs so that it can stimulate the enhancement in the learning activity of students studying social studies study material. This paper aims to find and explain the use of the Instagram application in increasing the social studies learning activity of junior high school students. This study uses a qualitative method with digital observations to the Instagram application and a literature review about student learning activities. The use of the Instagram application that offers various conveniences in presenting material through photos or videos with attractive designs can stimulate the enhancement in the learning activity of students studying social studies study material. Supported by uploaded material that can be accessed anywhere, and for unlimited use. Students can also respond in the form of comments for videos or pictures of other groups.

The development of the world towards the Metaverse greatly affects human life. In addition to having a positive impact, negative impacts are also unavoidable. The ease of accessing information through the internet is also very influential in lifestyle, especially for the younger generation. One way to fortify oneself from negative influences is to find in the Vedic scriptures, about character. This teaching is called Tri Kaya Parisudha or three core characters, namely: thinking well (manacika), saying good (wacika), and doing good (kayika). The character values developed for each core character are different. The core character includes the good values of positive thinking, religious character, and belief in the law of causality, the core character says good, includes values, tells the truth, while the good core character includes the values of compassion, honesty, caring for the environment, and discipline. The teaching of character education is carried out in an integrated manner in learning. By knowing, ensuring, and implementing the Tri Kaya Parisudha, young people can be wiser in everyday life.

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This study traced historical footprints of national identity discourses production through high school history textbooks. The main question is, what did the New Order's politics look like to the national history of Indonesia? The method used was qualitative research that focused on analyzing the content of history textbooks. This research examined nine history textbooks from three national curriculums. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is used to analyze the content of the textbooks. The results show that New Order was discoursing Indonesian national identity as a nation that runs a modern and militaristic society. The discourse of modernity presents Western culture as the only source of Indonesian progression. As a result, national history exclusively narrates many of the Dutch colonial policies as a determinant factor for the development of the Indonesian people. In contrast, history textbooks negated indigenous culture as traditional that is inappropriate for modern life. On the other hand, militaristic discourse exposing the army's success in defending Indonesian independence. Instead, civil government and diplomatic negotiation were negated as the loser.

The selection of learning models used by teachers in learning activities is one of the determining factors for the success of student learning. This study aims to determine the effect of the Word Square learning model on social studies learning outcomes. This research was conducted at SD Negeri Bintaos, Tepus, Gunungkidul Regency. The research subjects were students of class VI SD Negeri Bintaos with a total of 20 students consisting of 9 male students and 11 female students. This research is a Quasi Experiment, using the Control Group Pretest and Posttest design. Data was collected by using test results in the form of pretest and posttest to determine students' social studies learning outcomes. The results showed that the difference in the average value in the experimental group and the control group. The average value of the experimental group was 82.70 while the average value of the control group was 74.70. The results of the calculation of the t test, sig. (2-tailed) 0.031 <0.05 which indicates that Ho is rejected, meaning that there is a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be said that the Word Square learning model has an effect on social studies learning outcomes.