In this study, we present a review of the literature on the impact of photobiomodulation on osteoblast-like cell culture. Searches were performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), SCOPUS, and SPIE digital library databases for original articles regarding the effects of LLLT on osteoblast-like cells in experimental models using LLLT published in English from the last 20 years. The search identified 1439 studies. After the analysis of the abstracts, 1409 studies were excluded and 30 studies were then selected for the full-text analysis, 8 of which were excluded. Thus, 22 studies were included for a critical evaluation of the impact of photobiomodulation on osteoblast-like cell culture. The cell lineages studied were primary rat, primary human, saos-2, Osteo-1, MC3T3, MG63, and OFCOL II. Moreover, a wide variety of experimental models were used to experimentally analyze the impact of photobiomodulation, the most common of which were alkaline phosphatase, MTT, and cell count. This review suggests that osteoblastic-like cells are susceptible to photobiomodulation but that most of the light parameters varied by different authors have little to no influence on proliferation but very high levels of irradiance have demonstrated deleterious effects on proliferation, highlighting the bi-phasic effect of photobiomodulation.

This study analyzed the effect of nandrolone decanoate (ND) on muscle repair and the expression of myogenic regulatory factors following cryoinjury in rat skeletal muscle. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, sham group, cryoinjured group treated with ND and non-injured group treated with ND. Treatment consisted of subcutaneous injections of ND (5 mg/kg) twice a week. After sacrifice, the tibialis anterior muscle was removed for the isolation of total RNA and analysis of myogenic regulatory factors using real-time PCR as well as morphological analysis using the hematoxylin-eosin assay. There was a significant increase in MyoD mRNA after 7 days and in myogenin mRNA after 21 days in the cryoinjured ND group in comparison to other groups in the same period. The morphological analysis revealed no edema or myonecrosis after 7 days as well as no edema or inflammatory infiltrate after 14 days in the cryoinjured ND group. In conclusion the anabolic steroid nandrolone decanoate can modulate the muscle repair process in rats following cryoinjury by influencing the expression of regulatory myogenic factors and phases of muscle repair.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro of MTA (Pro-Root®), Portland cement and modified Portland cement (gypsum added). METHOD: For the in vivo analysis, polyethylene tubes were implanted subcutaneously in rats. After 7, 14, 30 and 60 days the tissue specimens were prepared for histological examination. For cytotoxic analysis the materials were placed in contact with NIH-3T3 cells. After 1, 3, 5 and 7 days, the cells viability was analyzed. RESULTS: The histological analysis showed moderate inflammatory response at 7 days in all groups. After 14 days the control group, MTA and Portland cement showed a mild inflammatory process while modified Portland group showed moderate inflammatory process. After 30 and 60 days all materials showed scarce inflammatory infiltrate and fibrosis. All the substances permitted the cell growth throughout the 7 days of experiment and presented similar cell viability. CONCLUSIONS: According to these experimental conditions, all the tested materials were biocompatible.

| Objective:To evaluate the use of mouthwashes in patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Materials and methods: Fifty-three patients were interviewed through a specific questionnaire at two reference centers for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The Case Group consisted of 33 patients with final diagnosis of epidermoid carcinoma of the mouth and oropharynx. The Control Group consisted of 20 patients attended to by services not connected with oncology. Results: In the Case Group, 81.8% did not make use of dental floss, showing statistically significant difference from the Control Group (p=0.036). As for toothbrushing, we noticed a contrary behavior in which the Cases brushed more times per day than the Controls. The Control Group made less use of mouthwashes when compared to the Case Group, which used it more times per day (p=0.028). Patients in the Case Group smoked more than those in the Control Group, with this difference being significant (p=0.004). The same behavior was observed for alcohol consumption -consumption in milliliters per day during the year (p=0.031). Relevance: Various risk factors have been associated with cancers of the oral cavity, among them the consumption of alcoholic beverages. The mechanism by which alcoholic beverages cause oral cancer is unknown, but probably involves topical exposure. Conclusion: From this study, we concluded that even with the small casuistic, by means of a stratified analysis, the use of mouthwashes was four times higher in alcohol consumers; however, no increase of risk in smokers, abstainers from alcohol and non-smokers was observed.DESCRIPTORS | Mouth Neoplasms; Risk; Oral Hygiene. RESUMO | Uso de enxaguatórios em pacientes com câncer de boca e orofaringe • Objetivo: Avaliar o uso de enxaguatórios em pacientes com câncer de boca e orofaringe. Materiais e método: Foram entrevistados 53 pacientes por meio de questionário específico aplicado em dois centros de referência para o diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer. O Grupo Caso foi constituído por 33 pacientes com diagnóstico final de carcinoma epidermóide de boca e orofaringe. O Grupo Controle foi composto de 20 pacientes atendidos em serviços não ligados à oncologia. Resultados: No Grupo Caso, 81,8% não fazem uso de fio dental, demonstrando diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação ao grupo controle (p=0,036). Quanto à escovação dentária, notamos comportamento contrário, onde os Casos escovam mais vezes por dia do que os Controles. O Grupo Controle fazia menos uso de enxaguatórios quando comparado ao Grupo Caso, que utilizava mais vezes ao dia (p=0,028). Os pacientes do Grupo Caso fumavam mais que os do grupo controle, sendo tal diferença significativa (p=0,004). O mesmo comportamento foi observado no consumo de álcool-consumo em mililitros por dia durante o ano (p=0,031).Relevância: Vários fatores de risco têm sido associados acânceres da cavidade oral, entre eles o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas. O mecanismo pelo qual bebidas alcoólicas provocam câncer oral é desconhecido, mas provavelmen...

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