Pretreatment ADC histogram analysis can stratify progression-free survival in bevacizumab-treated patients with recurrent GBM.

No abstract

Rapid development or evolution of a nonenhancing adrenal mass or masses with an adreniform shape or high T1 signal intensity on MR images of a patient under stress or with a bleeding diathesis, including anticoagulant use, suggests acute adrenal hemorrhage. Chronic hemorrhage appears as a thin-walled pseudocyst or atrophy. Imaging findings that may indicate underlying tumor include intralesional calcification, enhancement, and hypermetabolic activity on PET images.

Oxidative stress has been proposed to be a unifying cause for diabetic nephropathy and a target for novel therapies. Here we apply a new endogenous reduction-oxidation (redox) sensor, hyperpolarized (HP) 13C dehydroascorbate (DHA), in conjunction with MRI to noninvasively interrogate the renal redox capacity in a mouse diabetes model. The diabetic mice demonstrate an early decrease in renal redox capacity, as shown by the lower in vivo HP 13C DHA reduction to the antioxidant vitamin C (VitC), prior to histological evidence of nephropathy. This correlates with lower tissue reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and higher NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) expression, consistent with increased superoxide generation and oxidative stress. ACE inhibition restores the HP 13C DHA reduction to VitC with concomitant normalization of GSH concentration and Nox4 expression in diabetic mice. HP 13C DHA enables rapid in vivo assessment of altered redox capacity in diabetic renal injury and after successful treatment.

Purpose:To estimate the prevalence of underlying adenocarcinoma of the colon in patients in whom acute diverticulitis was diagnosed at computed tomography (CT) and to compare that to the prevalence of colon cancer in the general population. Materials and Methods:A comprehensive literature review was performed to find articles in which patients with CT diagnosis of acute diverticulitis underwent surgery, colonoscopy, or barium enema study within 24 weeks. Patients meeting these criteria were included for analysis. A pooled prevalence of cancer was calculated on the basis of a random effects model and compared qualitatively with the prevalence of cancer in the general population. The 95% confidence intervals around the prevalence of cancer in the study populations were determined. Results:Ten articles met the inclusion criteria. Data from these articles included only 771 patients who underwent surgery, colonoscopy, or barium enema study within 24 weeks of diagnosis. Fourteen patients were found to have colon cancer, for a prevalence of 2.1% (95% confidence interval: 1.2%, 3.2%). This compares to a calculated estimated prevalence of 0.68% among U.S. adults older than 55 years.