Background: Single inferior alveolar nerve block is ineffective in achieving adequate pulpal anesthesia in 30-80% of patients due to anatomical variations, local tissue pH, central sensitization, and several factors. Various supplementary techniques and combination of adjuvants with lignocaine are used to overcome these failures. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4), one such adjuvant, acts at the N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor resulting in effective anesthesia. The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical controlled trial was to evaluate the onset, anesthetic efficacy, duration and post-operative analgesia of 2% lignocaine with and without the addition of MgSO 4 in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis. Methods: Fourty-two patients were randomly divided into three groups: 2% lignocaine (group 1) and 2% lignocaine with MgSO 4 (75 mg) and (150 mg) in groups 2 and 3, respectively. Pre-operative vitals and Heft Parker-Visual Analogue Scale (HP-VAS) pain scores were recorded. The onset of anesthesia, anesthetic efficacy, and duration of anesthesia were evaluated post administration of the local anesthetic solution. The post-operative analgesia was examined at intervals of 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. Results: Administration of 150 mg MgSO 4 hastens the onset of anesthesia (1.29 min) and produces better anesthetic efficacy (3.29 HP-VAS) compared to group 2 (2.07 min and 9.14 HP-VAS) and group 1 (3.29 min and 35.79 HP-VAS), respectively. The duration of anesthesia was significantly higher in group 3 (247.07 min) compared to that of groups 2 and 1 (190 min and 110.21 min) with P < 0.05. Conclusion: Combining 75 mg or 150 mg of MgSO 4 with lignocaine is more effective than 2% lignocaine and 75 mg of MgSO 4 is adequate for endodontic procedures.

powder was mixed with 50 ml of distilled water and the mixture was stirred for about 10 seconds to form 10% solution.Patients reporting to the department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics with tooth pain and diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, were included in this study. Patients were explained about the procedure and informed consent was obtained.Teeth with wide open cavities and frank pulpal exposure having moderate to intense pain HP-VAS [9] readings from 85-144 mm were included in the study. Patients with systemic diseases under medication and/or under the influence of alcohol were excluded from the study. A total of fifty patients, divided randomly into two groups of 25 each (experimental and placebo) using simple randomization procedure (sealed envelopes) were involved in the study (Figure 1).The intensity of pain was recorded using HP-VAS [9] before the procedure was initiated. The patient was asked to hold the freshly prepared herbal solution in the mouth for about two minutes and then rinse for a minute. Coloured distilled water served as control. The intensity of pain after rinsing was again recorded using HP-VAS [9] scale.The HP-VAS [9] scores were tabulated. The data showed normal distribution and analysed statistically using paired (Intra group comparison) and unpaired 't' tests (Inter group comparison) at 5% significance. ResultsIn this preliminary study, the test results showed that 68% of the

The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in the angle of curvature, radius of curvature and canal volume before and after root canal shaping by Protaper and Mtwo rotary systems using spiral computed tomography (spiral CT).  45 colored resin blocks with a single canal and 20° curvature were taken and divided into 3 groups of 15 samples each. Iodine based contrast was injected into the canals and preoperative scanning was done with spiral CT. The canals were prepared with Mtwo in group I, Protaper in group II and group III was kept as a negative control. All the canals were filled with contrast solution and subjected to postoperative scanning. Pre and postoperative images were recorded and compared and statistically analyzed using Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) software. Group I did not show any change whereas group II showed significant change in the angle and radii of curvature in which the apical canal curvature was straightened. There was no significant difference in the volumetric change of root canal between the two systems. Keywords: Spital CT; Protaper: Mtwo:, Root canal configuration: