Background: Medical science is a blend of Art and Science. Technology evolved conceived presumably to improve the medical science. Increasing incidence of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomies proved otherwise. Multiple factors e.g. cognitive psychology, laparoscopic environment and no proper algorithms to manage, factor may be responsible for these results. To understand properly the mystique, we under took this study.Methods: This study was conducted on 200 cases which underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomies. 12 cases developed bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomies and 10 cases of bile duct injury sustained through open cholecystectomies were studied in detail results noted and analyzed.Results: All these cases 12/200 laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 10/200 open cholecystectomies were followed up, sign and symptoms noted, USG studies, ERCP stenting, sphincterotomy studies reviewed and sequence of management underlined.Conclusions: Early realisation of bile duct injuries remains the hall mark of she success. Even in cases detected late, conservative procedure and stenting with or without sphincterotomy given relief in number of cases. Finally, if surgery is contemplated Roux-Y-biliary enteric procedure gives much better results.

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The average, common person in India has a substantial disadvantage in wealth relative to people from other groups as analysid from years. Among the different groups, the FC Hindus are the clear leaders in median wealth in both the rural and urban areas. For the second survey year (2002-03), the OBCs and non-Hindus occupied positions that placed them noticeably above the SC/ST groups, but significantly below the FC in terms of median wealth values. In a worrisome trend, the relative median wealth of the rural and urban ST is, in fact, lower in 2002 than in 1991. A similar picture of SC/ST disadvantage and forward caste advantage is evident throughout the distributions in terms of gaps in percentile cutoffs. Estimates of the matrix of ranks for caste groups also confirm the existence of sizeable wealth gaps between the forward castes and everyone else.

The World economic order witnessed dramatic changes Post World War II and India being a newly Independent Country was faced with more complex issues of illiteracy, poverty, malnutrition, sustainability and underdevelopment; and the prime focus of Government remained Development for Sustainability and Inclusive Growth. In order to combat poverty and to achieve uniform growth all over, various measures have been taken from time to time which include building and strengthening rural cooperative sector, nationalisation and privatization and expansion of financial sector. Easy Access to sources of finance is believed to be an important tool to poverty alleviation and inclusive growth. India as a country presents great diversity in its geography, history, and culture and population demography. This diversity makes it extremely difficult to suitably categorize the country on economic, political, religious or demographical grounds. Post-independence growth has led to overall development of the country as a whole but it has also divided it into two distinct segments thus providing a suitable basis of categorization in the form of Rural India and Urban India. As per the census of 2001 only 27.78% population of the country lives in the urban segment while the rest are still residing in the inherently characteristic Rural India. The things however have changed significantly since independence when around 82% of the population lived in the rural segment. The rural segment is distinct in respect of various features such as purchasing power, development, social system etc. These distinctions relate directly to the kind of distinct demand patterns that the rural sector has in various product segments especially when it comes to financial services. The sector presents a real challenge given its technological backwardness and mass illiteracy as people are still caught in ancient financial systems that were both exploitative and futile.