External sources of information determine human actions. However, psychological traits (PTs), considered internal variables, also play a crucial role in decision-making. PTs are stable across time and contexts, and they define the set of behavioral repertoires that individuals express. Here, we explored how multiple metrics of adaptive behavior under uncertainty related to several PTs. Participants solved a multiple baseline reversal-learning task with volatile contingencies, from where we characterized a detailed behavioral profile based on a wide variety of measurements from their response sequences. We then tested the relationship between the multimetric behavioral profile and a wide range of self-reported psychological questionnaires. The PT measurements were based on the Hierarchical Taxonomy Of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model. We found that the learning curves alone predicted important differences in the PTs, and task response times. Similarly, the behavioral profile configurations predicted the PTs, and could be used as a ‘fingerprint’ to identify participants with a high certainty level. We discuss how this characterization could contribute to constructing a better nosological classification.