Data from five experiments with dairy cows where feed was restricted to 0, 40, and 50% of the ad libitum amount, with 259 observations, were subjected to multivariate analyses to determine the effects of severity and duration of feed restriction on production, physical-chemical characteristics, ethanol stability, and somatic cell score of milk. A negative relationship was seen between the severity and duration of feed restriction with milk production, lactose content, titratable acidity, and milk stability to the ethanol test. The milk stability to the ethanol test, protein content, milk yield, and somatic cells score were the most important attributes retained by the discriminant analysis. Milk stability to the ethanol test, live weight, days in restriction, and pH were the most important characteristics explaining the variance within the different levels of feed restriction. Milk production and ethanol stability were significantly lower in both levels of feed restriction compared with the group fed ad libitum. When feed restriction was followed by refeeding, the difference observed in ethanol stability was the first discriminant variable, followed by the difference in unstable milk frequency and titratable acidity. Increments in the severity and duration of feed restriction negatively affect milk production and milk ethanol stability.

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os principais resultados da pesquisa sobre o leite instável não ácido ou LINA. A proporção de amostras de leite com estabilidade térmica, abaixo do mínimo exigido pela indústria brasileira, configura um sério problema, com uma ocorrência mais elevada durante os períodos de carência alimentar. Trata-se de um problema multifatorial, cujos fatores intervenientes são relacionados à execução do teste (concentração do álcool), ao manejo (alimentação, clima, relação homem-animal), ao animal (suscetibilidade ao estresse, potencial produtivo, estádio da lactação, sanidade, problemas digestivos e metabólicos, frações da caseína), entre outros. Existem dúvidas quanto à capacidade do teste do álcool em estimar a estabilidade térmica do leite. A indústria necessita de um teste rápido, de baixo custo e que realmente identifique o leite adequado ao processamento térmico. O manejo correto dos animais, aliado ao uso de parâmetros realistas de execução do teste do álcool, pode contribuir para melhorar a estabilidade do leite.

Smallholder family farmers' perceptions, attitudes and choices regarding husbandry practices that influence... Ciência Rural, v.47, n.11, 2017. INTRODUCTIONRearing dairy calves born at farm allows a close herd policy, reducing sanitary risks and production costs (TORSEIN et al., 2014). Although decisions regarding the management of young cattle markedly affect dairy farming performance, calf rearing is often neglected by farmers (HÖTZEL et al., 2014a;DOS SANTOS & BITTAR, 2015). To improve morbidity and mortality rates and calves' welfare, farmers need to understand how morbidity and mortality are related to daily management practices.In order to understand the relationship between management and morbimortality, it is necessary to first understand what factors are associated with it. When correct perception precede RURAL SOCIOLOGY

magnesium by 14.3 %, lactose by 1.7 %, titratable acidity by 10 % and stability to the ethanol test by 9 % and it tended to increase (7 %) milk potassium content. No changes were found for the remaining characteristics. Since feed restriction is quite frequent in Brazil's extensive dairy production systems, our concern is that besides decreased milk production, changes can occur in the physiochemical attributes of the milk, mainly a reduction in the stability to the ethanol test, which may increase the volume of milk rejected by the industry.