This paper explores the usage of Blockchain Technology for land records management in India.The paper highlights issues like minimal transparency, accountability, incoherent data sets with different Government Departments pertaining to the same piece of land and delays in the current Land Records Management process and how these problems can be overcome using Blockchain Technology. The paper describes the current process of land records maintenance and land registration in the country. The paper also discusses various challenges encountered during implementation of the Blockchain Technology like public key infrastructure and Internet, privacy rules and security issues. Finally, the paper illustrates system design using Blockchain Technology for implementation of Land Titling system in the country, so that land titles are tamper-proof and provides authentic and conclusive rights on ownership.

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A forest is a piece of land dominated by trees; factors like tree density, tree height, canopy cover, land use, and ecological function discriminate different forest types. The canopy cover is instrumental in the identification of forest in the satellite imagery. Multispectral satellite imageries are very useful in feature highlighting. The combination of bands is a powerful tool not only to enhance some earth features but also to suppress others. In our study, a novel index is proposed for the delineation of tree canopy using Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery. A new simple vegetation ratio is proposed for the extraction of the vegetated areas including forest, farms, and other green lands, the existing normalized difference built-up index is modified, and an open surface water index is utilized to formulate a novel tree canopy cover index for the identification of tree canopy.

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