Aim: This study aims to compare the marginal adaptation and sealing ability [mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-Fillapex, AH Plus, Endofill sealers] of root canal sealers. Materials and methods:In the present study, the inclusion criteria include 45 single-rooted extracted mandibular premolar teeth, with single canal and complete root formation. The sectioning of the samples was done at the cementoenamel junction using a low-speed diamond disc.Step-back technique was used to prepare root canals manually. The MTA-Fillapex, AH Plus, and Endofill sealers were the three experimental sealer groups to which 45 teeth were distributed. Under scanning electron microscope (SEM), marginal gap at sealer and root dentin interface were examined at coronal and apical halves of root canal.Results: Among the three maximum marginal adaptations were seen with AH Plus sealer (4.10 ± 0.10) which is followed by Endofill sealer (1.44 ± 0.18) and MTA-Fillapex sealer (0.80 ± 0.22). Between the coronal and apical marginal adaptation, significant statistical difference (p = 0. Kannur, Kerala, India, e-mail: vimalremy@gmail.com there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) found between the above two groups at coronal and apical third. Conclusion:The present study proves that AH Plus sealer has a better marginal adaptation when compared with other sealers used.Clinical significance: For sealing space of crown wall and main cone in root canal treatment, sealers play an important role. The other advantages of sealers are that they are used to fill voids and irregularities in root channel, secondary, lateral channels, and space between applied gutta-percha cones and also act as tripper during filling.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and investigate changes in HbA1c levels before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with generalized periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A statistically significant number of type-2 diabetes mellitus subjects diagnosed with chronic generalized periodontitis were included in the study. The selected subjects were randomly allocated to 2 groups. Group 1: Control group: Subjects who received only scaling and root planning. Group 2: Test group: Subjects received antibiotic coverage with non-surgical periodontal therapy (scaling and root planning). Clinical parameters included plaque index, gingival index, PRO MIG pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. In addition, the metabolic parameters were recorded at the same time intervals, which included fasting blood sugar, random blood sugar, and HbA1c levels. Statistical Analysis: ANOVA test was applied to the parameters. Results: HbA1c more significantly reduced by test group compared to the other group. Conclusion: there is definitely a positive effect of nonsurgical on HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This point levels significantly reduced after conventional non-surgical periodontal therapy. Conclusion: There is definitely a positive effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes patients with chronic periodontitis.

The use of nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys created a revolutionary impact in endodontic treatments. Shape memory and superelastic property of an NiTi alloy make the instrument more flexible, which improves the quality of the treatment by reducing the procedural errors. Even though these instruments show advanced metallurgical properties, it can lead to fracture due to fatigability. To improve the fracture resistance and enhance the clinical performance, various thermomechanical heat treatments had been introduced to these NiTi instruments. NiTi alloy undergoes phase transformation on heat treatment to upgrade the mechanical properties. This review article appraises the improved metallurgical properties of NiTi alloy by various thermomechanical heat treatment processes in addition with discussion of recently introduced thermomechanically altered NiTi endodontic instruments.

Aim:The aim of the present study was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of various intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Candida albicans (C. albicans).Materials and methods: Sixty single rooted, non-carious, permanent mandibular premolars with no developmental defects that were previously extracted for the orthodontic purpose were included in this study. E. faecalis and C. albicans strains were cultured on brain heart infusion (BHI) and sabouraud dextrose (SD) agar plates respectively. Sixty specimens were divided into two main groups and three subgroups with 10 teeth receiving a medicament; group I: E.

Aim and Objective: Was to assess and compare the microleakage of G-aenial Universal Flo, Smart Dentin Replacement and Tetric Evo Ceram bulk fill resin composites in class V cavities along the occlusal and gingival margins using dye penetration test under stereomicroscope. Materials and Methods: Seventy five human extracted premolars were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups (n=25), as per the restorative materials for microleakage test. Group I: Tetric Evo Ceram (Bulk fill non flowable). Group II: G-aenial Universal Flo (Highly filled flowable resin composite). Group III: Smart Dentin Replacement (Bulk fill flowable resin composite). Class V (box) cavities were prepared both on the buccal and lingual surfaces of each of the 75 teeth, a total of 150 cavities, restored, immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours and then sectioned bucco lingually into two halves. Dye penetration score was measured along occlusal and gingival wall using a Stereomicroscope at 40X magnification. Statistical analysis was done using Chi square test for microleakage assessment. P value was set at ˂0.05. Result: Intergroup comparison showed statistically no significant difference between the three groups both occlusal and gingival wall, whereas groupwise comparison showed statistically significant result between group I and Group II at gingival wall with P value 0.021. Conclusion: None of three resin composite materials were free from microleakage. All the three materials showed more microleakage at gingival wall compared to occlusal wall. Among all the tested groups G-aenial Universal Flo showed the least microleakage at the gingival wall.