Decrease in sodium level was due to hypoxia and ischaemia, which increase the permeability of sarcolemma to sodium whereas decrease in potassium level was influenced by the catecholamine levels which are elevated in early acute myocardial infarction.

Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common causes of health problems, observed in 60% of term and 80% of preterm infants in the first week of life. Hyperbilirubinemia leads to neurotoxicity in severe condition. Some studies suggests that liberal use of oxytocin for inducing labour is one of the factor which lead to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of oxytocin and neonatal bilirubin levels with spontaneous vaginal delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 full term parturients were selected for this study. The subjects were divided into two groups. 50 healthy babies of women who had oxytocin induced labour and 50 healthy babies of women with normal vaginal delivery following spontaneous onset of labour formed the control group. Neonatal serum bilirubin was measured on day 1, 3 and 5 after delivery. Bilirubin was measured by spectrophotometry. Data was analysed in ms excel sheet using spss 19.0v. Statistical analysis was done by using unpaired't' test. RESULTS: There was significant increase in bilirubin level in oxytocin induced group compared to control group on day 1 and 3. There was insignificant increase in bilirubin level in oxytocin induced group on day 5. However the level of serum bilirubin is within normal limits as bilirubin level normally rises on till 4 th day and decreases thereafter. CONCLUSION: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia may be due to oxytocin administration by continues IV infusion which results in erythrocyte swell and rupture. Increase in bilirubin level in oxytocin induced group is within physiological limits.

Disorders of serum electrolytes i.e. sodium and potassium are the commonest electrolyte abnormalities found in stroke patients. 5 Electrolyte disturbances such as ABSTRACT Background: Stroke or cerebrovasular accident is a major cause of disability worldwide and the second most common cause of death after ischaemic heart disease. There has been a steady increase in incidence of stroke; recent data shows that stroke incidence decreased by 42% in high-income countries and by 100% in low to middle income countries. Aim of the study was to know the association of serum electrolytes and lipid levels in stroke. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in June 2014 at tertiary care hospital in South India. Data was obtained from the medical records departments from June 2011 to August 2012. An adult Treatment Panel III criterion was used to classify plasma lipid levels. The serum urea, serum creatinine, serum electrolytes and urinary electrolyte levels were measured by flame photometry. Descriptive statistics has been carried out in the present study. Student 't' test used to test the significance, between the groups and P value of <0.05 were considered as moderately significant, P values of <0.01 was considered highly significant. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in electrolyte levels between ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke patients. Most common electrolyte imbalance in ischaemic stroke was hyponatremia and most common electrolyte imbalance in Haemorrhagic stroke was hypokalemia. Statistically significant alteration were seen in total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL levels between haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke. Conclusions: In the present study total cholesterol and HDL levels were higher in haemorrhagic stroke whereas triglycerides, LDL and VLDL were high in ischaemic stroke. Regular monitoring of lipid levels in patients with high risk factors for stroke patients will help in decreasing the mortality and morbidity. Future studies should be prospective, multi-centric and include a large sample size which will help in determining the association between electrolytes and lipid levels in stroke patients.

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Teaching in various medical college, worldwide has gone under lot of changes by the use different methodologies like the use of chalk piece to power point presentations (PPT) and virtual simulations. Clinical Medical Physiology is a 1 st year subject in Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) course and often students find the subject difficult and too much. Trials by the use of single or multiple tools for teaching clinical medical physiology, in addition to conventional teaching, have been found to be useful. Physiology, implies student's active participation in the teaching process for better acquisition of necessary knowledge and skills. Hence, judicious & optimum utilization of these teaching hours is of real importance for attaining the specified objectives. Aim: To know the preferences and the expectations of the existing methods of lectures in Physiology by the first professional MBBS students. Materials and Methods: A pre prepared and validated questionnaire was used to collect data from the first MBBS students. Results: Out of 150, study participants, 60 were male students and 90 were female students. Discussion and Conclustion: The most preferred teaching method by the students was interactive followed by didactic lectures. Feedback from the students enhances a change in pre-conceived notions about teaching learning principles to meet their expectations.