Generally, the traditional layered protocol architecture is used to design protocols for wireless sensor networks in which MAC and Routing protocols act independently and this may cause counteraction between them. Cross-layer protocols are known to be more efficient.In this paper, we present MAR-WSN, a MAC-aware Routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks, in which the next hop decisions are made based on the TDMA scheduling and the two-hop neighbourhood knowledge. Coherent decisions in space, taken by the routing protocol, with those taken by the MAC protocol, in time, prove to be efficient against several metrics: delay, energy consumption and hop number. The simulation results show good performance of our strategy in medium and high density networks compared to the state of the art.

Predictive maintenance predicts the system health, based on the current condition, and defines the needed maintenance activities accordingly. This way, the system is only taken out of service if direct evidence exists that deterioration has actually taken place. This increases maintenance efficiency and productivity on one hand, and decreases maintenance support costs and logistics footprints on the other. We propose a system based on wireless sensor network to monitor industrial systems in order to prevent faults and damages. The sensors use the surface acoustic wave technology with an architecture composed of an electronic interrogation device and a passive sensor (without energy at the transducer) which is powered by the radio frequency transmitted by the interrogation unit. The radio frequency link transfers energy to the sensor to perform its measurement and to transmit the result to the interrogation unit-or in a description closer to the implemented, characterize the cooperative target cross section characteristics to recover the physical quantity defining the transducer material properties. We use this sensing architecture to measure the temperature of industrial machine components and we evaluate the robustness of the method. This technology can be applied to other physical parameters to be monitored. Captured information is transmitted to the base station through multi-hop communications. We also Violeta Felea

The deployment of multiple sinks in Wireless Sensor Networks may provide better reliability, timely communication and longevity, depending on the routing strategy. Moreover, geographic routing is a powerful strategy to avoid the costs related to maintaining high network knowledge. In this paper, we present a Geographic Multicast Routing solution (GeoM), focused on the latency and network lifetime trade-off. Our solution considers a linear combination of network metrics during the decision process of the next hop. Packets are forwarded to all sinks, and duplications are defined on the fly during the forwarding. The network lifetime is addressed with an energy balance strategy and a trade-off between progress and energy cost. We make use of the maximum energy consumption as an indication of the network lifetime. Simulation results show that GeoM has an overall better performance than the existing solutions, with improvements of approximately 11% for the average latency, and 54% for the maximum energy consumption.

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Large area wireless sensor deployments rely on multi-hop communications. Efficient packet transmissions and virtual topologies, which structure sensor networks, are two main features for efficient energy management in wireless sensor networks. This paper aims to present a distributed and low-cost topology construction algorithm for wireless sensor networks, addressing the following issues: large-scale, random network deployment, energy efficiency and small overhead. We propose structuring nodes in zones, meant to reduce the global view of the network to a local one. This zone-based architecture is the infrastructure used by our hierarchical routing protocol. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has low overhead and is scalable.