Our study on the anatomical variation of pneumatisation of the sphenoid sinuses was performed on 200 tomographical studies, evaluating the anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinuses and the Onodi cells, the types of pneumatisation according with the types described by Hammer and Radberg, as well as the extensions of pneumatisation towards the anterior clinoid processes, pterygoid processes and sphenoidal wings; the frequency of intrasphenoidal protrusions and dehiscences of internal carotid artery, optic nerve, Vidian canal and foramen rotundum and the presence of primary and secondary septa attached to their canals.

Laryngeal cancer represents an important problem in the public health department, mainly due to the fact that the lack of early symptoms leads to most cases being diagnosed in advanced stages, when surgical procedures must be extensive and will affect the quality of life of the patient. Nowadays, the problem of early diagnosis of laryngeal cancer and procedures that may facilitate it is of great importance, with contact endoscopy following in vivo methilene blue coloration being one of the most promising options.

The purpose of this article is to analyse the facial nerve electrophysiological monitoring effective ness in preventing injuries of this nerve during parotid surgery. To achieve this goal we analysed relevant data available in the literature on both the surgical technique and intraoperative continuous monitoring principles. In order to draw the conclusions of this paper we correlated the obtained data with our own experience.

Tongue localization of squamous cell carcinomas is one of the most common sites of intraoral carcinomas, representing nearly 40% of these. The most frequent localization of the tumor is on the posterior lateral border and the ventral surface of the tongue. Recent papers have mentioned an ascendant trend in the incidence of tongue carcinoma in young adults. Early detection of the tongue carcinoma is mandatory because the prognosis of the patient depends on the early diagnostic. The aim of the paper is to analyze the use of lugol iodine solution staining in early diagnostic of tongue carcinoma. The authors propose a protocol for using lugol iodine solution in the screening of tongue carcinoma.

Transnasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy is a good alternative for external DCR. It is considered a safe and efficient technique with successful results, comparable or even better than the external technique. Advanced knowledge of the endoscopic anatomy and the lacrimal system is necessary to perform the procedure safely, and to obtain good surgical outcomes. The aim of the paper is to analyze the changes of the endoscopic technique and to improve it. The transnasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy surgical technique is described in a "step by step" manner. Also the surgical technologies that can be used for this intervention are presented, focusing on the cold instruments.