The digital age has undoubtedly revolutionized the life and work of people. However, this sheen of digital technology remains challenged by the spate of cybercrimes that imperil the privacy and data of the end-users. The alarming rise in cybercrimes has become a major concern for cyber specialists. In this grim context, digital forensics has emerged as a boon for cyber specialists because it has proven to be an effective means for investigating cyber-attacks. This chapter reviews the existing tools and approaches in the field of digital forensics in cybersecurity. This chapter also discusses the current challenges and problems that are faced by a forensic investigator. In addition, it enlists the different categories of digital forensics. The study concludes by underlining the importance and the need for extensive research in digital forensic tools.

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Security issues are ever-evolving in today's scenario due to the heterogeneous nature of software applications, multimedia features, multilingual interactive and responsible features, and rapid rise in third-party software products. The main objective of this chapter is to focus on the difficulties and components that the users have to contend with on the internet. This chapter investigates and manages ongoing malware attacks. It also explains the significance of the research, malware investigation, social engineering, and user awareness in the field of malware attacks. Cyber-attacks are the most common problem in recent years, and the increasing number of malware is becoming a challenging task for security experts. This chapter underlines key issues along with various aspects for experts to discuss and focus on reducing the threats posed by malware and planning the strategy for prevention in the future. The chapter provides an effective future direction for researchers to produce impactful outcomes.

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An orbital apex syndrome (OAS) has been described previously as a syndrome involving damage to the ocular motor and sensory nerves in association with optic nerve dysfunction. Patients usually present with signs and symptoms derived from the involvement of structures within the orbital apex, the superior orbital fissure, and the cavernous sinus. Visual loss from optic neuropathy and ophthalmoplegia involving multiple cranial nerves are the hallmarks of orbital apex syndrome. Historically, superior orbital fissure, orbital apex, and cavernous sinus are being used to define the anatomical locations of a disease process. However, the diagnostic evaluation and management are similar for each of these entities. The authors reviewed the literature on evaluating disorders involving the orbital apex and it’s diagnosis.