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This paper proposes a novel distributed stochastic routing strategy using mobile sink based on double Q-learning algorithm to improve the network performance in wireless sensor network with uncertain communication links. Furthermore, in order to extend network lifetime, a modified leach-based clustering technique is proposed. To balance the energy dissipation between nodes, the selected cluster head nodes are then rotated based on the newly suggested threshold energy value. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms outperform the QWRP, QLMS, ESRP and HACDC in terms of network lifetime by 18.33%, 35.1%, 39.7% and 44.7%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed algorithms considerably enhances the learning rate and hence reduces the data collection latency.

Healthcare is one of the basic human needs and an important aspect of connected living. With the advancement of technologies, it is gradually transitioning away from traditional hospital-centric care towards a more virtual and distributed care. Health 4.0 is new buzz word in the healthcare systems. It is artificial intelligence (AI)-based intelligent devices enabled through the internet of medical things (IoMT). It is made up of medical sensors, cloud, edge and fog-computing, and wireless communication technology. The data collected from the patients are sensitive as it is crucial for diagnosis and to make critical decisions. Hence, the cyber criminals invest significant amounts of effort, time, and resources to exploit these data. So, in order to improve the security of the system, a framework for a blockchain-based smart healthcare system is proposed. In addition to it, the prelude on the Health 4.0 components and the current research challenges, benefits, and applications are discussed. Finally, the use case along with the applications of blockchain in the healthcare sector are discussed.

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