Associations of abnormal spermatozoa with bull fertility have yielded varying results. Manual methods of analysis are subjective and highly variable within and between technicians, which may account for these differences. Computer-aided sperm head morphometry appears to be a precise method of assessing sperm head dimensions; however, the effects of replication and technician on sperm head morphometry have not been assessed. The objective of this study was to determine the inter- and intra-analysis and technician variation associated with computer-aided bull sperm head morphometry analysis. Semen from 10 bulls was diluted to 200 x 10(6) sperm/mL, and slide smears were prepared and stained using haematoxylin and rose bengal. Each of two technicians analysed 250 images from each slide, 3 times, using computer-aided sperm head morphometry analysis. The morphometric dimensions of area, perimeter, length, width and width/length for individual sperm heads of each analysis were assessed by GLM-ANOVA for effects of bulls, replications and technicians. The coefficient of variation was recorded for each analysis and across replications. The mean coefficients of variation within and between analyses were compared between technicians by GLM-ANOVA. No differences (p > 0.1) between technicians were found between or among bulls for area (29.63 vs. 29.26 micron 2), perimeter (23.73 vs. 23.86 microns), length (8.73 vs. 8.71 microns), width (4.47 vs. 4.46 microns), or width/length (0.51 vs. 0.51). No differences (p > 0.1) between replicates for sperm head dimension were detected within or among bulls for either technician. No intra- or inter-analysis differences (p > 0.1) between technicians on CVs were observed. The mean intra-analysis CVs for all bulls for both technicians were area = 6.9%, perimeter = 4.9%, length = 4.5%, width = 5.6% and width/length = 6.5%. The mean interanalysis CVs for both technicians were area = 3.0%, perimeter = 2.4%, length = 2.0%, width = 2.0%, and width/length = 1.7%. The results indicate that ASMA is a repeatable and objective method of assessing bull sperm head morphometry within and between technicians. No differences between replications were detected, and hence replicate analyses are not necessary to acquire accurate morphometric data.

The experimental material for present study consisted of 30 diverse genotypes of oat. Observation were recorded on 11 quantitative traits in oat. High estimates of heritability (broad sense) were obtained for all the characters. The magnitude of PCV as expected was greater than the corresponding GCV for all the characters indicating importance of environment in expression of characters On the basis of result Out of 11 characters studied seeds per panicle, dry matter yield per plant, green fodder yield per plant and harvest index showed high GCV and heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean which revealed that these four traits might be under control of additive gene effects and therefore they are more reliable for effective selection.

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A nine-month-old infant presented with fever and loss of milestones. Examination revealed intermittent rigidity and dystonic movements. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows decreased signal intensity in globus pallidus and substantia nigra, indicative of iron deposition, suggesting Hallervorden Spatz Disease. The dopamine-neuromelanine system has been postulated to be the possible pathogenesis. Gene mapping has located the defect to be in the coding sequence of a gene called PANK-2. Prenatal diagnosis is possible. The case is reported because of its rarity and early presentation.

Background: Primary debulking surgery followed by platinum based chemotherapy was the standard therapy for advanced stage of ovarian cancer in the past. Primary debulking could be performed only in 30 to 60% of the patients with advanced ovarian cancer. In patients who had massive ascites, pleural effusion and large abdominal tumor, hence optimal primary debulking with gross residual disease less than 1 cm was difficult without Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Hence present day guidelines suggest to give 3 -4 cycles of Neoadjuvant chemotherapy to downstage the disease, which eventually helps the surgeon in obtaining optimal cytoreduction, which may transform into a prolonged disease free and overall survival. Aim:1. To study the radiological response of advanced ovarian cancer by RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors) criteria using CT scan 2. To Evaluate the correlation of CA 125, pre NACT an post NACT. 3. To study the chemotherapy related changes in histopathological evaluation. Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed as Ca ovary stage III and IV underwent CT imaging and serum CA-125 estimation before and after NACT followed by interval debulking and adjuvant chemotherapy, Response to the Neoadjuvant chemotherapy will be analysed by RECIST criteria. During surgery intra op tumor size is observed and also presence of non-target lesions and documented. The specimen is then sent for histopathological examination to look for chemotherapy related changes. Results:The study was conducted on 34 patients of whom 31 patients had partial response, 1 patient had stable disease and 2 patient had progressive disease after NACT. CA-125 was estimated in these patients prior and after NACT and was found to have reduction in the values which was statistically significant of p value of <0.0001, with mean and standard deviation of pre-operative and post-operative CA-125 being 1808.38± 2205.27 and 111.38± 181.84 respectively. Conclusion: Our present study showed that NACT reduced the tumor burden and it allowed easier and complete surgical cytoreduction and also reduced surgical complications and treatment related deaths and morbidity. This study also showed that CA-125 is one of the best markers in epitheial ovarian cancer as it helps to assess the objective response to chemotherapy. It also helps to know the prognosis of the disease.