This article summarizes the arguments and counter-arguments within the scientific discussion on personnel management in health care organizations. The study’s main purpose is to identify opportunities to improve the efficiency of medical staff through innovative forms of labor organization and HR management. Systematization of scientific background and approaches on personnel management in health care showed that staff development is a priority in health care. The authors emphasized the high competition in the Ukrainian services market. Thus, improving the service quality is the key element for successful any business activity. The relevance of solving this scientific problem is a need to regulate the organization’s personnel policy. To achieve this goal, the study was conducted in the following logical sequence: 1) investigation of the theoretical advances devoted to personnel management of health care facilities and features of this process; 2) analysis of the activity and organizational structure of the University Clinic of Sumy State University; 3) assessment of the motivation and satisfaction of the medical staff of the University Clinic of Sumy State University; 4) identification of the main motives, incentives, and reasons to work; 5) analysis and generalization of the available personnel management tools of the University Clinic of Sumy State University regarding identifying the responsible for personnel management and determining main motivation methods of medical staff. The methodological tools of the study are statistical methods and questionnaires. The study involved data for 2019-2020. The object of the study is the personnel management system of the University Clinic of Sumy State University. The empirical analysis results showed a relationship between several problems, including personnel, organizational and economic. The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that personnel management affects the effectiveness of health care services. With the study findings, the authors proposed a set of measures to improve the efficiency of the existing personnel management system of the University Clinic of Sumy State University.