The use and validation of fish health monitoring tools have become increasingly evident due to aquaculture expansion. This study investigated the hematology and blood morphometrics of Piaractus mesopotamicus, Brycon orbignyanus, Oreochromis niloticus and Rhamdia quelen. The fish were kept for 30 days in 300-liter aquariums, after which they were anesthetized with benzocaine and blood was collected from caudal vessels. In comparison to other species, B. orbignyanus presented the highest hematocrit (Ht), RBC averages and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) with a particular range of data. O uso e validação de ferramentas para monitorar o estado de saúde dos peixes está se tornando mais evidente, devido à expansão da aquicultura. Este estudo investigou a hematologia e a morfometria do sangue de Piaractus mesopotamicus, Brycon orbignyanus, Oreochromis niloticus e Rhamdia quelen. Os peixes foram mantidos por 30 dias em aquários de 300 litros, após esse período os peixes foram anestesiados com benzocaína e o sangue coletado por punção caudal. Em comparação com outras espécies B. orbignyanus apresentou maiores médias de hematócrito (Ht), eritrócitos (Eri) e volume corpuscular médio (VCM) com um determinado intervalo de dados. Oreochromis niloticus apresentou menor média e valor de Ht, Hb, eritrócitos e concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM). Rhamdia quelen e O. niloticus apresentaram maior variedade de leucócitos (Leu), neutrófilos (Nf), linfócitos (Lf), monócitos (Mf) e de trombócitos (Trb). Dados de eixos maiores (EMA), eixos menores (EME), superfície (SF) e volume (VL) estão no mesmo intervalo de variação. Este estudo demonstrou que as variações hematológicas não ocorrem somente entre os animais de diferentes espécies, mas também entre os indivíduos da mesma espécie.
Sulfamethazine (SMZ) is one of the most commonly used sulfonamide compounds in fish farming, and its physiological effects on fish are unknown. SMZ was administered to juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at a dose level of 422 mg kg(-1) body weight, for a period of 11 days, via medicated feed. Fish were divided into two groups, the control group (CG) and the group fed with SMZ in feed. The administration of SMZ did not alter the erythrograms and leukograms of the Nile tilapia. The SMZ-fed group showed the same hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) concentration as the CG. Nonetheless, the oral administration of SMZ raised the hepatic catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, the increase probably being sufficient to prevent hepatic LPO production. The oral administration of SMZ affects the hepatic GST and CAT activities of Nile tilapia.
Effluent from a fish tank with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was treated in a system of two parallel fixed-bed anaerobic reactors followed by a suspended stirred, anoxic reactor for solids, organic matter and nitrogen removal. Microbial community structure was compared between the reactors and an enriched anammox culture originated from anaerobic sludge by using the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) techniques. DGGE analysis revealed three large microbial clusters, namely, the biomass in the inoculum, the biomass growing in the reactors, and the enriched anammox culture. The similarity between the microbial community recovered from the anaerobic reactors and the anammox community was considered low (32.7%), suggesting differentiation of the bacterial community as a function of the selection of specific anammox groups. The last step in the anoxic reactor had worsened the effluent quality. The potential of organic matter and ammonia removal in a single anaerobic reactor was demonstrated.
A remoção de nitrogênio é de extrema importância no tratamento de águas residuárias, sendo tradicionalmente realizado por processos biológicos de nitrificação e desnitrificação. O processo de oxidação anaeróbia de amônia (ANAMMOX) com nitrito é um processo realizado por bactérias anaeróbias do grupo Planctomicetos, responsável pela produção de nitrogênio gasoso. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo enriquecer cultura microbiana capaz de oxidar amônia a nitrogênio (N2) sob condições anóxicas, utilizando como inóculo lodo de reator anaeróbio tratando águas residuárias de bovinocultura leiteira.
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