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No abstract

We establish classical business cycles, for New Zealand's 14 regions and aggregate national activity. Regional cycles rarely die of old age but are terminated by particular events. Concordance statistic measures show significant contemporaneous associations between the New Zealand cycle and 11 of the regional cycles. Over half the bi-regional co-movements are not significant. Geographical proximity influences co-movement between regions, as do unusually dry climatic conditions. Neither real national house price movements, nor net migration movements co-move significantly with regional cycle phases. For key regions, movements in New Zealand's terms of trade, milksolids' prices, dairy land prices and total rural land prices are significant. Rural business cycle activity has therefore remained a remarkably dominant factor. JEL classification: C22, E32, R11, R12

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Dating the turning points and durations of business cycles has long been associated with NBER-type reference cycle indexes. More recently, such work has become additionally important for evaluating modern theoretical business cycle models and for analysing the time-varying characteristics of cycles. This paper applies the transparent, quick-to-compute Bry and Boschan business cycle dating procedure to four New Zealand real GDP series. It compares the resulting turning points with those previously identified using NBER-type cycle identification techniques, and with those obtained from three relatively mechanistic "deviations-from-trend" methods. It provides some empirical benchmark turning point and cycle duration characteristics and, as a prelude to further theoretical and empirical work, compares these with results obtained from a number of potentially relevant AR(l) and 1(1) statistical processes.