Based on the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database, 3 329 patients underwent heart transplantation in the United States in 2021. The development of new surgical techniques and monitoring methods, along with new immunosuppressant drugs, has significantly increased the survival of heart transplant patients [1,2]. Thus, the number of patients who require non-cardiac surgery after heart transplantation is undoubtedly increasing [1,3].Heart transplant recipients present unique perioperative challenges, given their changes in anatomy, physiology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics [4]. Specifically, sympathetic and parasympathetic denervation of the heart leads