Owing to the veterinary and medical importance of heterophyid trematodes, a survey on Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa in different organs of mullets Mugil liza from Rio de Janeiro was undertaken. The prevalence of metacercariae varied greatly between different organs of the mullets: spleen (100%), heart (98%), intestine wall (97%), liver (97%), muscle (87%), stomach wall (77%), brain (47%), gonads (30%) and gall bladder (30%). The high level of the intensity of the infection in relation to different fish organs was confirmed in two experimental infections performed during the spring/summer and autumn/winter seasons when 258 and 47 adult parasites were recovered from hamsters fed only with small pieces of muscle tissue. The potential risk of infection was considered to be high in view of the high prevalence and intensity of A. (P.) longa in the muscles of mullets throughout the year. Additionally new confocal imaging of metacercariae and adults experimentally obtained, enabled for the first time the description of a short genital atrium formed by the union of uterus and ejaculatory duct.

BackgroundMelanoides tuberculatus (Müller, 1774) (Thiaridae), an introduced gastropod mollusc with a wide geographical distribution in the Neotropics, is the intermediate host of the trematode Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924) (Heterophyidae). This parasite is considered to be pathogenic to humans. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the locomotory activity of uninfected M. tuberculatus compared with those naturally infected with C. formosanus.FindingsThe locomotory activity of each mollusc was recorded using an image analysis biomonitoring system, Videomex-V ®, to evaluate and quantify the parameters of ‘Stereotypic’ and ‘Resting time’. The Generalized Estimating Equation analysis of locomotory activity of M. tuberculatus infected with C. formosanus revealed significant differences compared with uninfected molluscs for the parameters ‘Stereotypic time’ and ‘Resting time’ with a reduction of movement. The variations in the values of the monitoring intervals recorded showed a significant difference for the infected molluscs in the case of Stereotypic time, with an irregular locomotory activity pattern, as compared to that of uninfected molluscs. The analysis of the standard length of all molluscs did not exhibit any correlation with locomotory activity, showing that C. formosanus is able to alter the locomotory activity of its snail host regardless of the standard length.ConclusionsThe trematode C. formosanus affects the locomotory activity of the mollusc M. tuberculatus by reducing its movement and causing it to exhibit an irregular pattern of activity, both of which are independent of the snail's standard length.

Resumo: Este artigo faz uma análise do discurso educacional católico propagado na década de 1930. Para isso, são abordados os conceitos analíticos de Pierre Bourdieu, a saber, as noções de habitus, estratégia, campo e capital cultural. O objetivo é buscar elucidar as razões e os mecanismos discursivos que engendraram as falas dos intelectuais católicos a respeito da Escola Nova e das concepções filosófico-educacionais de John Dewey. Seguindo os esquemas analíticos de Bourdieu, o discurso em questão pode ser considerado como estratégia, mecanismo pelo qual buscavam conservar o habitus do professorado consoantes com os interesses do grupo.Palavras-chave: estratégias discursivas; habitus; campo educacional. THE EDUCATIONAL SPEECH UNDER PIERRE BOURDIEU SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVEAbstract: This article makes an analysis of the Catholic education speech spread in the decade of 1930's . For that, the Pierre Bourdieu's analytical concepts are approached, to know, the habitus notions,1 strategy, field and cultural capital. The objective is to look for to elucidate the reasons and the discursive mechanisms that they engendered the Catholic intellectual's speeches regarding the New School and of John Dewey's philosophical-education conceptions. Following Bourdieu's analytical outlines, the speech it can be considered as strategy, mechanism for which they looked for to conserve the habitus of the faculty consonants with the interests of the group.