Single session PEI has been proven to be a valid alternative in patients otherwise treated surgically or with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization who present with adverse prognostic factors or risks for these therapies, and may be an option for selected patients with advanced disease previously excluded from any therapy. Risk conditions are marked portal or pulmonary hypertension or esophageal varices at risk of bleeding, superficial tumors with severe coagulation disorders, hyperfibrinolysis, chronic renal insufficiency, and obstructive jaundice.

Single session PEI has been proven to be a valid alternative in patients otherwise treated surgically or with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization who present with adverse prognostic factors or risks for these therapies, and may be an option for selected patients with advanced disease previously excluded from any therapy. Risk conditions are marked portal or pulmonary hypertension or esophageal varices at risk of bleeding, superficial tumors with severe coagulation disorders, hyperfibrinolysis, chronic renal insufficiency, and obstructive jaundice.

Carboplatin seems suitable for intra-arterial hepatic chemotherapy and active in ocular melanoma metastatic to the liver.

BackgroundThis was a prospective observational study designed to evaluate direct and indirect costs and quality of life for patients with Crohn’s disease in Italy from the perspectives of the National Health System and of society.MethodsA total of 162 male and female subjects aged 18–70 years with Crohn’s disease in the active phase and a Crohn’s Disease Activity Index score ≥150 were included in the study. Subjects were recruited from 25 Italian centers on a consecutive basis. The study consisted of four visits undertaken every 6 months with a follow-up period of 18 months. The study started on September 1, 2006 and was completed on April 12, 2010. Multivariate analyses were carried out on demographic characteristics, treatment costs based on the prescribed daily dose, resource use and other cost parameters, and changes in quality of life using the EQ5D questionnaire.ResultsCost of illness per subject with Crohn’s disease in Italy was estimated to be €15,521 per year, with direct costs representing 76% of total costs. Nonhealth care costs and loss of productivity accounted for 24% of total costs. Societal costs during the first months of enrolment were higher compared with costs in the final months of the study. Quality of life measured by the EQ-5D was 0.558 initially and then increased to 0.739, with a mean value of 0.677 during the enrolment period. The cost of illness was not correlated with age or gender.ConclusionThe cost of illness was correlated with quality of life; Crohn’s disease had a negative impact on subjects’ quality of life, and higher costs corresponded to a lower quality of life as measured with the EQ5D. Drug treatment may improve quality of life and reduce hospitalization costs. Our results appear to be in line with the results of other international cost-of-illness studies.

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