The development of this surgical technique for growth plate manipulation for the treatment of angular deformities of knees has expanded the indications for surgical management and has a potential to decrease the incidence and the severity of complications.

Ankle arthrodesis following failed TAA results in large LLDs secondary to bone loss during implant failure and subsequent explantation. External fixation can produce an excellent fusion rate in complex, possibly infected, failed TAAs. Limb length equalization (by either distraction osteogenesis or shoe lift) provides a means of obtaining good functional outcomes following failed TAA.

Our randomized data do not suggest that oral antibiotics alter the incidence, timing, or severity of pin infection. This study does not support the use of prophylactic oral antibiotics in healthy patients.

Sonography for posttraumatic hip pain with negative radiographic findings did not result in a single missed hip fracture. Therefore, sonography may serve as an effective screening tool, mandating MRI only for cases with positive findings, whereas patients with negative sonographic findings need no further investigation. Sonography may therefore be very useful in hospitals around the world, where MRI may not be readily affordable or available.

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