R&D, Innovation policy, Foreign-owned companies, Transition economies, University-industry relation, O32, O38, R11, R58,

Evaluation of the economic impact of public research and development (R&D) support has become an integral part of the policymaking process. The paper examines the economic effects of the Czech programme TIP supporting R&D in private companies in the recent decade and aspires to contribute to the debate on quantitative methods for assessing outputs additionality of public R&D programmes. The analysis is based on the counter-factual econometric approach, because an appropriate control group could not be found among the unsupported companies, a so-called generalized propensity score matching (GPSM) was used. Two data sources were used: monitoring data of the programme TIP and economic data from the database Bisnode-MagnusWeb. The impact of R&D support on the firms' performance was measured by output indicators: gross value added, profit and productivity. Treatment effects are diverse depending on firm sizes. Generally, the R&D support effects are positive and more substantial in small and medium firms (SMEs) while there are no such effects confirmed for large firms. The support could only impact positively on the output (profit, productivity and gross value added) of small firms only after reaching a certain minimum threshold of the support whereas output diminishes for medium firms after a point of saturation. Implications for Central European audience: This paper results could be useful for policymakers and R&D funding providers because it provides evidence about the microeconomic impacts of programmes, namely it shows the differentiated effects of public interventions toby the size categories of beneficiaries. The analysis confirms that GPSM approach provides deliver logical outcomes and if the investigation is situated to the right period after the programme is accomplished, it has a potential to bring more insight in the effects than the standard dichotomous model.

The goal of this ar ticle is to de ter mi ne whe ther low ca pi tal in tensi ve firms, cha rac te ri sed by low pro ducti vi ty and low le vel of R&D acti vi ties that ope ra te in tech no lo gi cal ly in tensi ve bran ches of the Czech ma nu factu ring in dustry, tend to be lo ca li sed in eco no mi cal ly lag ging re gi ons which are at tracti ve for costs se eking FDI. We wanted to de ter mi ne to the Czech re gi ons that are more threa te ned by de lo ca li sati on of ma nu factu ring acti vi ties. The as sess ment of com pa nies' lo ca li sati on sta bi li ty is based on 3 eco no mic in di ca tors re pre sen ting in ter nal keep-fac tors of de lo ca li sati on-capi tal in tensi ty, com ple xi ty of va lue cha in, and so phis ti cati on of pro ducti on pro ces ses. We did not con firm the hy po the sis on con cen t rati on of fo o tlo o se firms in eco no mi cal ly lag ging dis tricts with high unem ploy ment and ac ces si bi li ty of in vest ment in cen ti ves. The se firms, which are con si de red to be the most pre disposed for de lo ca li sati on, are ge o gra phi cal ly dis per sed. Lo ca li sati on of tech no lo gi cal ly in tensi ve bran ches cor re sponds ne i ther to the sett le ment hi e rar chy nor to the eco no mic per for man ce of dis tricts. Re gi o nal dif fe ren ces of in di ca tors of lo ca li sati on sta bi li ty exhibit a strong path dependency effect.

Two data sources were used: monitoring data of the support programme TIP and economic data from the database Bisnode-MagnusWeb. Ø The impact is measured at two hierarchical levels-the firm (micro) and the economy (macro) levels. At the micro level, the impact of R&D support on the firms' performance are measured by 5 indicators: 2 measuring net and gross R&D expenditure effects and 3 indicators relating to output-gross value added, profit and labour productivity. The macro level impact of R&D support is represented only by a fiscal indicator-average tax paid by the firms. Ø The assessment of the R&D expenditure effects relates to the period of 2010 to 2016 while the impact of the support on the output indicators relates to 2013-2015 (the period after the economic recession 2009-2012). In the both cases, the year of 2009 was used as the base year for the analyses. For each of the output indicator, the difference-indifference approach is adopted in order to remove the time invariant "fixed effects" è the difference between the average figure for the "impact period" (2013 to 2015) and the base year (2009) is computed.

Stávající metodika i vlastní způsob hodnocení programů výzkumu, vý-voje a inovací (VaVaI) v České republice jsou nedostatečné. Cílem toho-to článku je na základě porovnání se způsobem a přístupy hodnocení programů VaVaI ve vybraných zemích EU s vyspělou evaluační kultu-rou poukázat na přetrvávající metodologické nedostatky v hodnocení programů VaVaI. Hlavním nedostatkem je, že hodnocení programů není integrální součástí jejich tvorby a realizace a není chápáno jako nástroj pro efektivní využívání veřejných prostředků. Hodnocení je prováděno pouze formálně na základě prostého popisu základních informací o programech a jejich výstupech s cílem splnit požadavky metodiky souhrn-ného hodnocení ukončených programů, která však není metodikou, ale spíše popisem průbřhu souhrnného hodnocení a obsahu zprávy z hodnocení. Nedostatečné hodnocení programů však není jen důsledkem nedostatečné metodiky, ale také nejednoznačného legislativního zakot-vení povinnosti poskytovatelů hodnotit programy a využívat výsledky hodnocení pro zefektivnění správy veřejných financí.