Air pollution exposure during pregnancy, particularly NO2 (for which motorized traffic is a major source), was associated with delayed psychomotor development during childhood. Due to the widespread nature of air pollution exposure, the public health impact of the small changes observed at an individual level could be considerable.
RésuméLʼarrêté du 12 février 2003 [1] donne une formule pour le calcul d'un indice de gêne olfactif autour d'un site industriel. Cet indice fait intervenir la notion « d'observateurs sous les vents de la source ». L'angle entre l'observateur et la source olfactive est alors comparé aux directions du vent. Il est donc primordial de localiser cette source très précisément dans l'enceinte même du site industriel, d'autant plus que les personnes les plus exposées sont généralement les personnes les plus proches.Cet article propose une méthodologie de localisation d'une source d'effluents olfactifs à partir des observations d'un réseau de nez bénévoles. Cette méthodologie, baptisée méthode ISODOR (identification de sources odorantes), est basée sur une représentation cartographique et fait appel au calcul de lʼindice de fréquence (défini dans lʼindice de gêne). Une technique basée sur lʼutilisation dʼun modèle gaussien stationnaire permet dʼoptimiser cette méthode en tenant compte de manière plus précise des données météorologiques responsables de la dispersion des odeurs et donc dʼoptimiser lʼangle dʼexposition.
Mots clésDispersion atmosphérique. Gêne olfactive. Indice de fréquence. Localisation. Odeurs
AbstractThis paper is based on a study that has been realised with people living around an industrial area. Every day, each volunteer had to complete a comment card where he had to inform if he smells something, to characterize the odour and the discomfort.The aim being to determine exactly the source of odour nuisances, a tool named ISODOR has been developed. ISODOR method is based on a cartographic representation and requires the calculation of a frequency index defined by the decree of 12th February 2003 [1]. This index needs to compare the angle between the observer and the source to wind direction, so the source had to be known. The ISODOR method consists to cross-rule the domain of the study, to suppose the source on a node and to calculate the frequency index for each observer. This operation is repeated for all nodes and the median of the frequency index corresponding to a same node is calculated and represented on a map.An optimisation based on the utilisation of a stationary gaussian model permits to consider the atmospheric dispersion of the odours by a variable exposition angle. Tests done after this modification seem to show an improvement of the results.The interest of ISODOR is underlined with the cartography of the probability that the discomfort index exceeds a threshold supposing two different sources localizations.
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