In advance composite material the propagation of crack is a regular failure problem in various engineering applications especially in aircrafts body. The aircraft body components are subjected to various thermal and mechanical loading conditions. It is very difficult, time-consuming and costly process of testing the aircrafts components failure due to various thermal and mechanical conditions. Strain energy release rate (SERR) is the significant parameter for the composite materials and quality of composite materials depends on SERR values.The present investigation is based on ANSYS analysis for finding the strain energy release rate (SERR) value using Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT) to understand the fracture behavior of the composite lamina. The circular crack present in the middle of the composite plate and subjected to pressure and temperature loading for different angle (cross-ply and angle-ply) composite structure laminas. The angle-ply shows less SERR in mode I & II while cross-ply shows less SERR in mode III under the constant pressure loading conditions. Mode II shows the maximum SERR in cross-ply compared to mode I and III for temperatures 30ºC, , 130 ºC and 180ºC. SERR for mixed-mode was found by considering the total mode of fracture and validation based on published literature for SERR due to the thermal load of mode I (GI) for different fiber layup configurations of the circular cut-out.

Facial aesthetics plays a very important role in dentistry. Loss of teeth leads to the resorption of alveolar ridges, loss of support to the facial musculature resulting in diminished facial muscle tone, all of which lead to the slumping of the cheek. Authors here by present a case of a 59-year-old male patient who reported with the complaint of missing upper and lower teeth. Intraoral examination revealed completely edentulous maxillary and mandibular arches. Extraoral examination revealed sunken cheek and wrinkling of the skin. The patient was more concerned about his hollow cheek, so the treatment option advised for him was complete denture with detachable cheek plumpers. The technique used here precisely determines available space for cheek plumpers. But, despite of providing the maxillary cheek plumper, appearance of hollow cheek remained in lower third of face. So, the mandibular cheek plumper was also planned. This case report a novel, simple, straightforward, cost-effective and noninvasive technique of fabricating detachable cheek plumpers for maxillary and mandibular denture using customised ball attachment.

In this study, total of 60 extracted human teeth were divided into four groups. Group I and II were subjected to LCU A (2550 mW/cm2) and Group III and IV to LCU B (700 mW/cm2), respectively. The increase in temperature level from baseline was recorded using K type thermocouple while curing of dentin bonding agent and composite resins. The temperature rise was significantly higher for Light Curing Unit A which had higher intensity light than Light Curing Unit B. Remaining dentin thickness of the prepared tooth also has significant role in the temperature rise. Hence, light curing units should be used with caution to avoid over‐exposure of teeth. Dental practitioners need to prepare teeth with silicone indices and pre‐assessment of radiographs to avoid over‐preparation. Regular check of intensity of light curing unit using commercially available intensity meter is advocated.