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Retrieval of images based on visual features such as color, texture and shape have proven to have its own set of limitations under different conditions. Various techniques have been implemented using these features like fuzzy color histogram, Tammura texture etc. In this paper we propose a novel method with highly accurate and retrieval efficient approach which will work on large image database with varied contents and background.

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Phase lock loop is fundamental buliding block of modern communication system. Phase lock loop are typically used to provide local oscillator function in radio reciver or transmitter. The design methodology and test result of charge pump structure for phase lock loop application are presented. The structure is composed to two charge/ discharge block. This paper provides study of various charge pump and discuss the technology that is used to design charge pump.