Industrial parks have been promoted as cornerstone strategies for economic development in countries around the world, including Viet Nam. The transformation of conventional industrial zones (IZs) into eco-industrial parks (EIPs) presents an effective opportunity to attain inclusive and sustainable industrial development, as well as increasing the economic competitiveness and resilience of industrial parks. This paper presents and discusses the interventions, key results, and lessons learned from the Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI) and UNIDO’s work on EIPs in Viet Nam as part of the Project “Implementation of eco-industrial park initiative for sustainable industrial zones in Viet Nam”. The Project was undertaken with the objective of developing policies and guidelines to facilitate the transformation of industrial zones into eco-industrial parks and implementing EIP principles in five existing industrial zones in the provinces of Da Nang (Hoa Khanh IZ), Can Tho (Tra Noc 1 and 2 IZs), and Ninh Binh (Khanh Phu IZ and Gian Khau IZ), which serve as pilots to support replication and upscaling across Viet Nam. The application of the Project’s policy, company, and park-level interventions demonstrated their value in contributing to the development and implementation of EIP practices in the country. Rather than stand-alone solutions, multi-disciplinary EIP concepts are most effective if applied as part of an integrated top-down approach (policy support as entry point for interventions) combined with a bottom-up approach (industrial park as entry point). The issuance of Decree 82/2018/ND-CP on the management of industrial parks and economic zones is a new policy outlining the requirements and process for transforming industrial zones into EIPs. The Decree is thereby an important driver for EIP development. Legal challenges with regards to EIPs still exist, including the lack of available and reliable data and the need for detailed standards and guidelines on reusing by-products, wastes, and wastewater. The final adoption of minimum EIP requirements in Viet Nam for social, economic, and environmental aspects is a key issue for scaling up implementation. The work undertaken as part of the Project will continue through the Global EIP Programme, in which Viet Nam is one of the participating countries.

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A new picrotoxane sesquiterpene glucoside, dendrobinoside A (1), and three known secondary metabolites dendronobilin G (2), dendromoniliside D (3), massonside A (4) were isolated from the stems of Dendrobium nobile Lindl.. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of HR-ESI-MS, NMR spectroscopic data and comparison with reported values. Chemical structure of new compound was further investigated via its aglycone by enzymatic hydrolysis.

Vu Quoc Huy:The impact of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on a hostcountry's employment has been an important and policy-relevant question for years. With rapidly expanding global production networks, this issue becomes even more important. At the same time, the causal impact of offshoring on domestic employment is rather complicated because of its nature, a firm's organization, and any offshoring endogenous decision. For example, Liu and Lu (2011) provide a good summary of possible effects of OFDI on the home-country's employment through substitution and complementary effects. There is also the win-win type of employment effect when outward investments can raise the demand and wages for skilled labor in both the parent and host-country. Other authors (Kovak, Oldenski, and Sly 2014) used a more sophiscated model and estimation procedure to show that offshoring has a positive aggregate impact on the home-country's employment but this impact varies substantially across sectors and firms. Comments declining labor demands. A discussion on possible substitution, complementary, and productivity effects is mostly missing in the paper.

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