Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms include several procedures that allow parties to resolve their disputes out of court in a private forum, with the assistance of a qualified neutral intermediary of their choice. Arbitration and mediation are one of the most popular institutes of alternative dispute resolution. This article analyzes the legal, social, and cultural prerequisites for the development of the institutes of arbitration and mediation in Lithuania and Ukraine.

In this study, the distillation fractions of cider brandy produced illegally in Lithuania using gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry method were investigated. The conditions of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were firstly optimized. A qualitative analysis of three distillation fractions was performed and estimated. The first fraction (initial) of distillation products was collected for 0.5 h, the second one (intermediate) was collected for the next 1.5 h and the third (main) fraction for the next 5 h. A method of the quantitative analysis of different volatile analytes such as acetaldehyde, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isobutanol, 1-butanol, isoamyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol in the distillation products was also developed. The concentration of ethanol decreased significantly in the main fraction in comparison with those of the initial and intermediate fractions. The concentration of 1-propanol, isobutanol, 1-butanol and isoamyl alcohol in the last fraction decreased drastically as well.

Rengiant naująjį Lietuvos CPK darbo grupėje (kurioje teko garbė dalyvauti ir šio straipsnio autoriui) dėl sprendimo už akių instituto reikalingumo jokių didesnių ginčų nekilo. Tačiau diskusijos, kokį modelį (tikrojo ar netikrojo sprendimo už akių) reikėtų pasirinkti, virė tikrai karštos. Prieš tikrąjį sprendimą už akių pasisakę darbo grupėje dalyvavę teisėjai savo poziciją motyvavo tuo, kad neįsi-vaizduojama, kaip teisėjas galės nevertinti byloje esančios šalies pateiktų įrodymų vien todėl, kad ši šalis neatvyko į posėdį. Tokią poziciją, be abejo, galima suprasti, tačiau, kita vertus, tokio sprendimo priėmimo procedūra numatė ir galimybę atnaujinti procesą. Be to, būtent tikrasis sprendimas už akių turėjo pakankamai įtikinamai motyvuoti šalį nevilkinti proceso. Deja, tačiau tuo metu darbo grupei nepavyko pasiekti bendro sutarimo šiuo klausimu. Būtent dėl šios priežasties, priėmus naująjį CPK, jame įtvirtintas sprendimo už akių institutas buvo gautas "pusiau efektyvus". Iš esmės normos, reguliavu-

Th e article discusses the development, features and perspectives of arbitration and mediation. Th e author carries out a detailed historical analysis of those dispute resolution mechanisms. Both arbitration and mediation are relatively new institutions in Lithuanian law and their emergence and development may be associated exclusively with the country's restored independence. Recently the Supreme Court of Lithuania, has encouraged their adoption and moved Lithuania towards the apparent pro-arbitration group of States. Th e article analyzes the common features and diff erences between arbitration and mediation, and suggests which form should be attractive to the business community. Th e article reviews proposals to improve the mediation process (proposals to establish mandatory mediation for certain categories of cases, introduce some qualifi cation requirements for mediators, etc.). Th e article concludes that currently arbitration is more widely used than mediation in Lithuania as well as the existing case law.

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