A total of 12.6% of young adults who were born very preterm and/or with a very low birth weight had moderate or severe problems in cognitive or neurosensory functioning. Compared with the general Dutch population, twice as many young adults who were born very preterm and/or with a very low birth weight were poorly educated, and 3 times as many were neither employed nor in school at age 19.

Recirculation is a limiting factor for oxygen delivery in double lumen catheter veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (DLVV-ECMO). This study compares three different methods for the determination of the recirculation fraction during double lumen catheter veno-venous ECMO at ECMO flow rates of 150, 125, 100, 75, and 50 ml/kg.min in nine lambs: (1) an ultrasound dilution method, in which the change in ultrasound velocity in blood after injection of a saline bolus as a marker is used for determination of recirculation; (2) an SvO2 method using real mixed venous blood oxygen saturation, the gold standard, for determination of recirculation fraction; and (3) the CVL method, in which oxygen saturation of a blood sample of the inferior vena cava is considered to represent mixed venous oxygen saturation. In all methods, the recirculation fraction increased with increasing ECMO flow rate. The correlation coefficient between the ultrasound dilution method and the SvO2 method was 0.68 (p < 0.01); mean difference was -2.4% (p = 0.6). Correlation coefficient between the ultrasound dilution method and the CVL method was 0.48 (p < 0.01); mean difference was -18.1% (p < 0.01). The correlation coefficient between the SvO2 method and the CVL method was 0.51 (p < 0.01); mean difference was -15.7% (p < 0.01). The ultrasound dilution method is a useful method for measurement of the recirculation fraction in DLVV-ECMO and is easier to use than the other methods.

Hypomagnesemia due to isolated renal magnesium loss was demonstrated in two unrelated families with autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Magnesium infusions performed in two patients showed not only a reduced renal magnesium threshold but also a lowered renal tubular maximum for magnesium. All members of both families who presented with hypomagnesemia had also a lowered excretion of calcium in the urine, presumably as a consequence of increased reabsorption in Henle's loop.

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