Torque is proportional to the armature current I, to the field flux, and to the cosine of the angle of displacement between them, which is 9.Substituting the values of cos 9 and $ in the expression for torque, Torque = constant X I 2 sin a.This indicates the intimate relation between torque, current, and brush position.The current is a maximum when the induced voltage, S V, is a maximum, namely, when S V becomes a diameter of the circle and equals E/cos 9 volts.The induced voltage is also

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