IHC/FISH discrepancies were attributed to basolateral membranous immunoreactivity of glandular cells resulting in incomplete membranous reactivity and/or a higher rate of tumour heterogeneity in gastric cancer compared with breast cancer. With modifications to the IHC scoring system, the HercepTest is considered valid for the identification of HER2+ gastric tumours for this clinical trial. Correlation of HER2 scores with clinical outcomes will be needed to determine which patients might benefit from trastuzumab therapy.

This paper describes a driving control algorithm based on a skid steering for a robotic vehicle with articulated suspension (RVAS). The RVAS is a kind of unmanned ground vehicle based on a skid steering using an independent in-wheel drive at each wheel. The driving control algorithm consists of four parts: a speed controller for following a desired speed, a lateral motion controller that computes a yaw moment input to track a desired yaw rate or a desired trajectory according to the control mode, a longitudinal tyre force distribution algorithm that determines an optimal desired longitudinal tyre force, and a wheel torque controller that determines a wheel torque command at each wheel in order to keep the slip ratio at each wheel below a limit value as well as to track the desired tyre force. Longitudinal and vertical tyre force estimators are required for the optimal tyre force distribution and wheel slip control. A dynamic model of the RVAS for simulation study is developed and validated using the vehicle test data. Simulation and vehicle tests are conducted in order to evaluate the proposed driving controller. It is found from simulation and vehicle test results that the proposed driving controller provides a satisfactory motion control performance according to the control mode.

Premature fusion of the cranial suture and midface hypoplasia are common features of syndromic craniosynostosis caused by mutations in the FGFR2 gene. The only treatment for this condition involves a series of risky surgical procedures designed to correct defects in the craniofacial bones, which must be performed until brain growth has been completed. Several pharmacologic interventions directed at FGFR2 downstream signaling have been tested as potential treatments for premature coronal suture fusion in a mouse model of Apert syndrome. However, there are no published studies that have targeted for the pharmacologic treatment of midface hypoplasia. We used Fgfr2S252W/+ knock-in mice as a model of Apert syndrome and morphometric analyses to identify causal hypoplastic sites in the midface region. Three-dimensional geometric and linear analyses of Fgfr2S252W/+ mice at postnatal day 0 demonstrated distinct morphologic variance. The premature fusion of anterior facial bones, such as the maxilla, nasal, and frontal bones, rather than the cranium or cranial base, is the main contributing factor toward the anterior-posterior skull length shortening. The cranial base of the mouse model had a noticeable downward slant around the intersphenoid synchondrosis, which is related to distortion of the airway. Within a skull, the facial shape variance was highly correlated with the cranial base angle change along Fgfr2 S252W mutation–induced craniofacial anomalies. The inhibition of an FGFR2 downstream signaling enzyme, PIN1, via genetic knockdown or use of a PIN1 inhibitor, juglone, attenuated the aforementioned deformities in a mouse model of Apert syndrome. Overall, these results indicate that FGFR2 signaling is a key contributor toward abnormal anterior-posterior dimensional growth in the midface region. Our study suggests a novel therapeutic option for the prevention of craniofacial malformations induced by mutations in the FGFR2 gene.

In the February 2022 issue of The American Journal of Gastroenterology, the author Carlos Fernández-Carrillo was misidentified as Carlos Fernández-Carillo. In addition, Table 2: "Baseline characteristics by country according to sex" reported incorrect female age data for Columbia, France, and Brazil. The correct age data should read: Colombia, female (n 5 7), 52 (51-61); France, female (n 5 5), 55 (40-60); and Brazil, female (n 5 9), 43 (30-49).