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Konfokale Mikroskope erzeugen im Scanverfahren dreidimensionale Aufnahmen und unterdrücken Streulichtanteil von Bereichen außerhalb der Brennebene. Dies ermöglicht kontrastreiche Bilder mit hoher Auflösung, In Verbindung mit der Fluoreszenzanregung durch Laser beispielsweise werden biochemische Vorgänge in Zellen sichtbar.

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy / Fluorescence / Methods and Systems / MembranesFluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is increasingly acknowledged as a suitable technique to study the 3-dimensional structure of animal and plant cells. The imaging process involves the collection of the emitted fluorescent light of a defined volume in the object. A powerful processing system is, however, required to store the single data and reconstruct the image of the object. A 3-Dimage of an object can be achieved either by the extended focus, the stereo image, or the shadowing mode'). -These procedures were applied to elaborate on the spatial arrangement of structural components and organells in fixed or living plant cells. Microtubule arrays in dividing onion root cells and in caulonema tip cells of moss protonemata are visualized by the indirect immunofluorescence technique.In addition, the endoplasmic reticulum is visualized through vital staining with the fluorochrome 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine-iodide (DiOC). For example in adaxial onion bulb scale epidermis cells and root hair cells. Also, several examples are shown which demonstrate the possibilities the CLSM offers with respect to magnification, image, and motility measurements of single organelles. Some of the measurements have been performed with a compact inverted confocal system which also includes a classical fluorescence microscope. Fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy turned out to be of great advantage for studying the 3-D-arrangement of plant cell constituents due to the property of the focal scanner which discriminates fluorescent light outside of the depth of focus.

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