JACKSON (1936) first described equine sarcoids, which are locally aggressive, fibroblastic tumours of equine skin. They are often multiple, frequently recur following surgical excision or radiotherapy, and generally have fibropapillomatous features. Horses, donkeys and mules are susceptible. Jackson (1936) pointed out that the gross and microscopic appearance of the tumours, the predilection sites, and the pattern of spread to secondary sites on affected animals were suggestive of a viral cause. A recent report of transmission studies by Voss (1969) supports this view, and Olson and Cook (1 951) have presented evidence to implicate the bovine papilloma virus.Although equine sarcoid is probably the most common skin tumour of horses (next to the self-limiting viral papillomatosis of young horses), it has received but little attention and there has been little progress in our knowledge of this important disease.

Male commercial broiler strain chickens were fed from hatching to 42 d of age either a control diet (based on corn and soybean meal) or the control diet supplemented with 250 mg copper/kg diet from cupric sulfate pentahydrate (for 35 or 42 d). Hypocholesterolemia (11.8% reduction) and decreased breast muscle cholesterol (20.4% reduction) were observed in copper-supplemented birds. There was a slight increase (P > .05) in breast muscle copper (14.5%), and all levels were very low (< .5 mg/kg). Feeding copper for 42 vs 35 d resulted in lower levels of cholesterol in the plasma (12.9 vs 10.8% reduction) and breast muscle (24.6 vs 16.2% reduction). Very similar results were found in two additional experiments in which hypocholesterolemia and reduced breast muscle cholesterol were associated with reduced plasma triglycerides and blood reduced glutathione. It is well known that hypercholesterolemia is a symptom of dietary copper deficiency. The data presented here indicate that blood and breast muscle cholesterol are inversely related to dietary copper in excess of the dietary requirement for maximal growth. The cholesterol content of the edible muscle tissue of broiler chickens can be reduced by approximately 25% after feeding a supranormal level of copper for 42 d without altering the growth of the chickens or substantially increasing the copper content of the edible meat.

A system for study and measurement of the attachment in vitro of exogenous polyribosomes to membranes has been presented. Its main features are use of low temperature, post-microsomal supernatant, pyrophosphate and citric acid to remove ribosomes from the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a method for quantitative separation of unattached from membrane-associated polyribosomes. The following were found. (1) Rough endoplasmic reticulum, from which ribosomes had been removed by treatment with pyrophosphate and citrate, bound over 50% of added polyribosomes, whereas the untreated (or control) rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum treated with pyrophosphate-citrate did not bind polyribosomes. (2) The polyribosome-binding capacity of rough endoplasmic reticulum stripped of its ribosomes decayed upon storage of the membranes at 0-4 degrees C. The half-life of this decay was about 6 days whereas that of the polyribosome-binding capacity of hepatoma stripped rough endoplasmic reticulum was about 1.5 days. (3) Preparations of stripped rough endoplasmic reticulum after reassociation with polyribosomes in vitro were quite similar to preparations of native rough endoplasmic reticulum as viewed with the electron microscope. Evidence is presented to support the contention that association of polyribosomes with membranes was the result of polyribosomal reattachment to the membranes rather than trapping of the polyribosomes between vesicles of the membranes.

Summary Attempts to produce equine sarcoids in horses and warts in calves with extracts of equine sarcoids were unsuccessful. The horses and calves were later demonstrated to be susceptible to bovine papilloma virus (BPV). Tumours were produced in 2 of 5 donkeys 5 to 10 months after inoculation with extracts of equine sarcoids. This was a longer interval than has been observed for tumour formation by BPV. The tumours did not histologically resemble equine sarcoids or BPV‐produced tumours of equine skin. Résumé Des tentatives pour produire à l'aide d'extraits de tumeurs sarcoides équines soit des tumeurs sarcoides chez le cheval soit des verrues chez le veau ont échoué. Ultèrieurement on montra que les chevaux et les veaux étaient réceptifs au virus de la papillomatose bovine. Des tumeurs furent induites sur deux anes parmi cinq sujets inoculés avec des extraits de tumeurs sarcoides équines (tumeurs apparues cinq à dix mois plus tard). L'apparition des tumeurs fut moins rapide que celles obtenues avec le virus de la papillomatose bovine. Les tumeurs ne ressemblaient point aux sarcoides du cheval ni aux tumeurs induites chez le cheval par le virus de la papillomatose bovine. Zusammenfassung Versuche beim Pferd das Sarcoid oder beim Kalb Warzen mit Extrakten von equinem Sarcoid zu reproduzieren sind misslungen. Die Tiere erwiesen sich aber später als empfänglich für das Virus der bovinen Papillomatose. Tumoren konnten erzeugt werden bei 2 von 5 Eseln mit Sarcoidextrakten 5 bis 10 Monate nach der Inokulation. Das Intervall ist länger als dasjenige, das für die Tumorbildung durch das Virus der bovinen Papillomatose bekannt geworden ist. Die Tumoren glichen aber histologisch weder dem equinen Sarcoid noch dem Tumor, der durch das Virus der bovinen Papillomatose in der Haut des Pferdes hervorgerufen werden kann. Sumario Los intentos de producir sarcoides equinos do caballos y mesquinos transfer ridos a bovinos fué con éxito. Los caballos y vacas fueron suceptibles al papiloma virico del bovino (EPV). Se producieron tumores en burros 2 de 5 con estractos de sarcoides equinos de 5 a 10 meses despúes de inoculados con extracto de sarcoides equinos. Este fúe el intervalo mas largo que se ha observado en la formacíon de tumores por BPV. Los tumores histologicamente no son parecidos de los sarcoides equinos o BPV producidos como tumores de la piel.

Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori in tongue mucosa in 268 patients divided into four groups according to their diagnosis: 87 with atrophic glossitis, 37 with benign migratory glossitis and 144 with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). The latter group was subdivided according to anatomic site of burning sensation: subgroup A (54 patients) with complaints limited to tongue and subgroup B (90 patients) with burning sensations in other parts of oral mucosa. H. pylori was found in 43 samples (16%). Bacteria were significantly less present in tongue mucosa affected with benign migratory glossitis compared with atrophic glossitis and BMS (P=0.025). This difference was more obvious when compared with atrophic glossitis only (P=0.006). Mucosal changes in these conditions might make the oral environment more acceptable for H. pylori colonization compared with normal mucosa, and this mechanism may play a role in its oro-oral transmission.