An important task in industrial process control is the continuous measurement of the relative moisture content t +h of the material. Present methods, however, deliver only the absolute amount of water in the sample container and $ is derived by an additional measurement of the mass. The investigation of the dielectric behaviour of moist matter at microwave frequencies above 8 GHz shows that for certain classes of materials density independent calibration functions can be derived experimentally which allow a determination of $ solely from microwave measurements at one single frequency. The physical principle is discussed and experimental results for various materials are presented.

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