This work presents an application possibility of sorption refrigerators driven by low temperature fluid for air conditioning of buildings. Thermodynamic models were formulated and absorption LiBr-water chiller with 10 kW cooling power as well as adsorption chiller with silica gel bed were investigated. Both of them are using water for desorption process with temperature T des = 80 o C. Coefficient of performance (COP) for both cooling cycles was analyzed in the same conditions of the driving heat source, cooling water Tc = 25 o C and temperature in evaporator Tevap = 5 o C. In this study, the computer software EES was used to investigate the performance of absorption heat pump system and its behaviour in configuration with geothermal heat source.
In the paper, comparison of an analytical and a numerical model of silica gel/water adsorber/desorber is presented. Adsorber/desorber as a part of the two-bed single-stage adsorption heat pump is discussed. The adsorption heat pump under consideration consists of an evaporator, two adsorber/desorber columns and a condenser. Only heat and mass transfer was taken into account during operation of assumed adsorption heat pump. Adsorption equilibrium was described by the Dubinin-Astachov model. The presented mathematical models, both analytical and numerical, were created to describe the temperature, heat and concentration changes in the adsorber/desorber and consequently to describe the performance of the adsorption heat pump. Heat and mass transfer equations of the model were solved analytically and calculation parameters were entered in the common spreadsheet. The numerical model was established comprising of the set of heat and mass balance partial differential equations, together with the initial and boundary conditions and was solved by the numerical method of lines. The developed analytical model is very basic and can be used only for the initial estimates of mean cyclic temperature of the cooling/heating water in the adsorber/desorber bed. Validation of the numerical model shows reasonable agreement between the numerical and experimental averaged bed temperatures and is an indication of the proper mathematical modeling and the accuracy of the numerical analysis.
The effective consumption time of hot water in multi-apartment buildings depends on the daily activities of residents, their number, habits and overall size of the system. On the basis of the aggregated data from 8 multiapartments building, with between 36 and 291 draw-off points each, the effective consumption time during the day was determined. The data was then calculated to show the daily consumption per draw-off point. The least squares method was applied to the assumed consumption model to determine the total number of consumption hours per day.
Oczyszczalnia Ścieków Pomorzany w Szczecinie zapewnia uzyskanie wymaganych parametrów ścieków oczyszczonych. Jednak dzięki wysokiej efektywności oczyszczania ścieków, powstaje więcej odpadów (skratki, odpady) po procesie oczyszczania. W badanej oczyszczalni osad wstępny zagęszczany jest grawitacyjnie do zawartości około 5% suchej masy, a nadmierny zagęszczany jest w zagęszczarkach mechanicznych do 6% suchej masy. Osady wstępny i nadmierny po zagęszczeniu odprowadzany jest do zbiornika osadu zagęszczonego skąd za pomocą pomp wtłaczany jest do dwóch zamkniętych komór fermentacyjnych. Każda z komór fermentacyjnych ma pojemność 5069 m 3. W komorach prowadzona jest fermentacja mezofilowa w temperaturze ok. 37 o C. Produkowany w komorze biogaz jest magazynowany w dwóch dwupowłokowych zbiornikach o pojemności 1500 m 3 każdy i po odsiarczeniu metodą biosulfex (w wyniku procesu uzyskuje się elementarną siarkę) wykorzystywany jest jako paliwo w agregatach kogeneracyjnych. Celem badań było określenie ilości energii oddawanej w postaci ciepła w trakcie procesu fermentacji metanowej przez osady ściekowe (wstępny i nadmierny). Ilości te określono na podstawie bilansu energii chemicznej osadów doprowadzanych i odprowadzanych z WKF oraz wytwarzanego biogazu w ciągu doby. W badaniach określono, że procentowa wartość średniej ilości energii chemicznej zamienionej na ciepło i odprowadzonej z wyprodukowanym z nich metanem w stosunku do energii chemicznej ścieków doprowadzonych do pierwszej WKF dla Oczyszczalni Ścieków Pomorzany w Szczecinie, dla poziomu ufności 0,95, mieściła się w przedziale 47,86 ± 9,73%. Średnio z metanem wydzielane jest 80,86 ± 33,65% a na ciepło zamienia się 19,14 ± 33,65% energii.
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