OEPA is a satisfactory alternative to OPPA. Radiotherapy can be confined to involved sites when combined with appropriate chemotherapy. The DAL-HD-90 regimen represents a comprehensive treatment program for all stages of pediatric HD and offers a favorable benefit/risk ratio, combining excellent disease control, moderate acute toxicity, and reduced long-term toxicity.

This trimodality approach is feasible and results in encouraging 3-year survival rates in prognostically unfavorable patients with stage III NSCLC. Patients experiencing a 90% degree of pathologic TR were most likely to achieve long-term survival.

The authors' data strongly suggest that CSF pathway reclosure is the factor most responsible for ETV failure in obstructive hydrocephalus. According to both their experiences and to studies published in the literature, the formation of new arachnoid membranes or scars plays a far greater role in ETV failure than does poor CSF absorption, at least in aqueductal stenosis. It is hypothesized that infants have a higher tendency to form new arachnoid membranes than do older patients and that this factor may explain (at least in part) the higher ETV failure rate in patients younger than 1 year old.

In this study, the technical aids yielded discordant results in 14% of cases, necessitating interpretation by an expert examiner. The perfusion tests, in particular, can give false-positive results in patients with large cranial defects, skull fractures, or cerebrospinal fluid drainage. In such cases, electrophysiologic tests or a repeated clinical examination should be performed instead. CTA is a promising, highly reliable new method for demonstrating absent intracranial blood flow. In our view, it should be incorporated into the German guidelines for the diagnosis of brain death.