Song et al.: Comparative Treatment of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture This study was to compare the clinical effect of different injection volumes of high viscosity bone cement in percutaneous vertebroplasty on the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. One hundred and fifty cases of patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2017 to October 2018 were enrolled and randomly divided into the high dose group (50 cases), the middle dose group (50 cases) and the low dose group (50 cases) according to the injection volumes of high viscosity bone cement in percutaneous vertebroplasty. There were no significant differences on single vertebral operation time and bleeding volume among the 3 groups. After percutaneous vertebroplasty treatment, the visual analogue score and Oswestry disability index were significantly improved 5 days and 12 months later in all 3 groups. However, no significant differences were found on the visual analogue score and Oswestry disability index among these 3 groups before surgery and 5 days and 12 months later. The vertebral height and Cobb angle of injured vertebrae were significantly improved 5 days and 3 months after operation in the all 3 groups. However, the improvement had no correlation with the dose of high viscosity bone cement. After treatment, there were 14, 9 and 2 cases of bone cement leakage in high dose, middle dose and low dose groups, respectively. The leak rates were 28, 18 and 4 % and there were significant differences among the 3 groups. In conclusion, different injection volumes of high viscosity bone cement in percutaneous vertebroplasty all reached a good effect in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. And low dose could significantly reduce the leakage of bone cement. Therefore, low dose of high viscosity bone cement could be the first choice for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures for its safety.