Objectives: Medical ethics practice and the attitude and knowledge toward it was our concern and aim to investigate. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1943 healthcare practitioners from three tertiary care hospitals. A questionnaire requesting demographic data and items related to the level of knowledge and awareness beside the real-life practice of medical ethics among healthcare providers was used. A score was given for each response and a total score was calculated. Results: Of the participants, 86.9% had studied medical ethics, 70.3% thought patients should know about their rights, 87.4% supported that the patient have the right to know and be informed if any malpractice happened, 61.8% never engaged in healthcare-related act on a patient without informed consent, 73% ensured that no one was present other than medical team during assessments or procedures, and 86.6% tried to give only what was necessary to the patient regarding their situation. Nursing specialists/technicians, with of 20-<30 years of practice and participants who had previous training in bioethics had significantly higher mean attitude scores than others. Females, laboratory specialists/technicians, and those who reported previous study of medical ethics had a significantly higher practice scores. A cogent positive correlation was found between the practice and attitude scores. Conclusion: Interduce medical ethics and insist on its importance in medical institutions will positively affect practitioners' knowledge, attitude, and practice.

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AIM: This study investigated the effect of different finishing and polishing systems on surface roughness of two types of universal nanohybrid composite resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total number of 40 samples will be prepared to form two main equal groups of specimens (n = 20), according to the composite resin materials. Two universal nanohybrid resin composites were used in this study. First group (A1) is a universal nanohybrid composite resin (Mosaic) and the second group (A2) is a universal nanohybrid composite resin (Harmonize). Each group was subdivided equally into four equal subgroups (n = 5), according to the used finishing and polishing systems. Mold was made to prepare the specimens with a central hole of 4 mm in diameter and 4 mm in thickness. Light curing tip was placed touching the glass slab for 20 s then the cured specimens were removed from the mold and the specimens immediately and immersed in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using light sectioning vision system. SEM was done to support the results. RESULTS: The results showed that the lowest (Ra) values were recorded by the specimens under Myler strip followed by Polishing Discs treated specimens followed by Diacomp Plus specimens and the highest (Ra) values were recorded by white polishing stone specimens and regardless to finishing or polishing, it was found that mosaic resin composites group recorded statistically significant (p < 0.05) lower roughness mean value than Harmonize resin composites group. p ≤ 0.05 is statistically significant in all tests. CONCLUSION: Achieving long-lasting esthetics in resin composites restorations needs special attention for obtaining optimal resin polymerization and a perfect surface finish using the appropriate finishing and polishing system.

Objective: Studies assessing knowledge about rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are scarce in KSA. The aim of this study was to assess the awareness about ARF and RHD among the population at Taif city, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 716 of residents of Taif city. A pre-designed questionnaire that collected data about the participants' demographic characters, their history of sore throat and medication used, participants' knowledge about cause and complications of sore throat, its relation to RHD, treatment, primary and secondary prevention of RHD. Results: 77% of the participants had a history of sore throat, of them 58.4% took antibiotics as a self-medication. A significant higher prevalence of previous history of sore throat was present among 42-50-year-old females, graduated, and those with an income above 10000 SR. Participants with an age of 18-24 years and graduated, had significantly higher percent of those who knew about: cause and complications of sore throat, sore throat is associated with heart diseases, and if treating sore throat can prevent heart disease. Females had a significantly higher percent of those who knew about: complications of sore throat, being extremely aware of that primary prevention of sore throat by using antibiotics such as penicillin and being extremely aware of secondary prevention of recurrence RF and decrease progression of RHD. Conclusion: Raising awareness about ARF and RHD through health education programs is needed.

Background: The immunization rate is one of the best public health outcomes; parental immunization decision is essential to improve the speed of immunization. The current study aims to identify and analyze the perception of married couples about the importance of vaccination and the source of information about vaccines by assessing the barriers and obstacles that prevent the children from receiving the vaccines. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on married couples in the Western region, Saudi Arabia, conducted from 22 October 2020 to 22 April 2021. A simple randomized sampling of 1500 participants through an online electronic survey was perfromed. The data has been obtained as follows: demographic (age, gender, residency... etc.), child vaccination status and barriers, perception and acceptance of vaccination, and source of information. Results: It was reported by 80.5% of the participants that their child received the compulsory vaccination up to their age, whereas 3.9% (n=&apos;16) participants have not received any vaccine, Participants who have more than two or more children at home have received all vaccines up to their children&apos;s age (81.24%) compared to those who have only one child (79%), when we have assessed the reasons behind missing the compulsory vaccines, it has found that the most common single reason was long waiting time (16.25%) followed by forgetting the day of immunization. Conclusion: Depending on the data, the system needs to improve to decrease the waiting time and remind the parents about vaccination day. Also, educating parents with one child about compulsory vaccination is essential.