This research aims to study the incidence of blood transfusion in relation to totally admitted cases at Neonatal department of Benghazi Libya children hospital, and to estimate most common causes that need blood transfusion, weight, sex, and age at transfusion. Out of 3036 were admitted to Neonatal word from January 2021 to December 2022, 54 cases were received blood transfusion (1.7%), male to female ratio (1.3:1), mean weight was 2.4kg, mean age at transfusion was 24days, 51.9% had compatible blood group of mother and baby blood group, and in 48.1% were non-compatible blood.

Background: Down syndrome is the most common autosomal disorder in humans. And the most common genetic chromosomal disorder causing mental disability in children. It also cause other medical abnormalities including heart and gastrointestinal disorder. These children sharing common features and characteristic faces. Each individual with this syndrome will not have all the features, but they will have a unique combination. Objective: In our study we try to spot light on the craniofacial features of Down syndrome in our country: their percentage; to compare it with another study in other countries. We also focus on the craniofacial features accuracy in diagnosis. Karyotyping not always available. Also we study the risk factors where we found that the mother age is not the only risk factor, but also the father age play a big role in Down syndrome and this risk factor needs to be studied with large number of patients. Also we study the problems associated with Down syndrome and its percentages, and to compare it with other study done in our neighbor's countries, where we found many differences Setting and Design: Our study is a descriptive, case series retrospective study was conducted in Benghazi Libya's children hospital. This study includes 73 patients who were referred to our Genetic clinic from October 2016 to march 2017. The genetic clinic is the only clinic in Benghazi and the whole East of Libya. This clinic follows children with DS and children with dysmorphic features in Benghazi and the Libyan ‘east. Materials and Methods: We studied 73 children randomly from different age group, and different socioeconomic classes, who attend the genetic clinic, which is an outpatient clinic and the only clinic which follows children with DS and dysmorphic feature in a pediatric hospital in Benghazi- Libya. We took the history from the parent (the father and the Mother). The investigation done in our hospital. Father and mother age at pregnancy. Spontaneous or induced pregnancy. Drug history of the mothers and fathers. History of abortion and normal children. Any other baby with Down syndrome or other dysmorphic features. Echocardiography done for all children. Ultrasound abdomen and brain did for all children. Thyroid function test done for all children and repeated annually for all children. The diagnosis done mainly by clinical features. Some cases (40 cases) are proved by karyotype chromosomal analysis.

Meningitis in newborn continue to be major cause of morbidity and mortality, particular in premature infant. Incidence is 0.2 to 0.4\1000 live birth and higher in premature infant. The sign and symptoms of meningitis are not specific and diagnosis depends on laboratory investigation. Objective: To find the value of CRP in camper with WBC count in cases proved meningitis based on lumber puncture finding. Design: Retrospective study, cross section study. Setting: The neonatal intensive care unit at children hospital Benghazi. Patient and Methods: 50 newborn infant with proved meningitis based on lumber puncture result (exclude all neonate with traumatic sample) treated in unit in period from January 2020 to November 2021 were included in this study. Epidemiological data and investigation were obtained from the newborn medical chart. TLC count <5000/cubic mm or>20000/cubic mm were consider abnormal. CRP >10 consider high Results: The total number of eligible newborn was 50 (28 males and 22 females) the mean of their age was 14.74 days. All diagnosed to have meningitis based on Lumber Puncture result. The TLC range from 3900 to 37000/cu.mm and the mean was 15150/cu.mm. 1 neonate out of 50(2%) had TLC>5000/cu.mm. and 10 neonate (20%) had TLC >20000/cu.mm. While the remaining 39 (78%) normal range. CRP range from 2.5 mg/L to as high as 285 mg/L. 33 neonate out of 50 (66%) were >10mg/L Seventeen out of 50 newborns (34%) CRP were <10mg/L. Conclusions: Compering with TLC, CRP is more reliable indicator for infection with meningitis and sepsis in neonate.