Resumo: Neste trabalho foram sintetizados nanocompósitos à base de poliuretanos em dispersão aquosa (NWPUs) e argilas brasileiras hidrofílicas (Brasgel PA e Brasgel NT) do tipo montmorilonita (MMT), de natureza sódica e cálcica, respectivamente, tendo a primeira maior hidrofilicidade. Os monômeros empregados na síntese das dispersões foram: poli(glicol propilênico) (PPG); ácido dimetilolpropiônico (DMPA), diisocianato de isoforona (IPDI) e hidrazina, como extensor de cadeia. Foram variados a proporção de segmentos rígidos e flexíveis e o teor das argilas adicionadas (na faixa de 0,5 a 2,5% em massa). As argilas foram caracterizadas por espectrometria na região do infravermelho (FTIR) e difração de raio X (XRD) e tiveram seu grau de inchamento determinado. Os NWPUs foram avaliados em termos de teor de sólidos totais, FTIR, XRD e propriedades mecânicas. A ausência dos picos de cristalinidade, característicos das argilas puras, e resistência mecânica superior frente às dispersões sem argila, confirmaram a formação de nanocompósitos. Palavras-chave: Poliuretanos, dispersões aquosas, nanocompósitos, argilas, montmorilonita, formulações não-poluentes. Aqueous Dispersions Based on Nanocomposites of Polyurethanes and Hydrophilic Brasilian Clays: Synthesis and CharacterizationAbstract: In this work nanocomposites based on polyurethane aqueous dispersion (NWPUs) were synthesized employing montmorillonite (MMT) hydrophilic brazilian clays (Brasgel PA and Brasgel NT), containing sodium and calcium, respectively, being the former more hydrophilic. The monomers used in the synthesis of the dispersions were: poly (propylene glycol) (PPG); dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and hydrazine, as chain extender. It was varied the proportion between hard and soft segments and clay content (added in the range from 0.5 to 2.5% per mass). The clays were previously delaminated in water and incorporated in the moment of prepolymer dispersion. The clays were characterized by infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and X ray diffraction (XRD) and their degree of swelling were determined. Solid content of the formulations were calculated. The films, cast from aqueous dispersions, were characterized by FTIR, XRD and their mechanical properties were evaluated. The formation of nanocomposites was confirmed by XRD, by observing the absence of peaks indicating cristallinity, characteristic of the pure clays. Mechanical resistance was improved for the nanocomposite films when compared to materials with no clay addition. Keywords: Polyurethanes, aqueous dispersions, nanocomposites, clays, montmorillonite, non-polluting systems. IntroduçãoNa atualidade, as exigências mundiais de aplicação industrial de tecnologias mais limpas e ambientalmente sustentáveis estão incrementando o desenvolvimento de sistemas poliméricos. Dentre esses, destacam-se as dispersões aquosas de poliuretanos (WPUs) que, além de muito versáteis em termos de aplicações industriais, têm permitido a gradativa substituição de compostos orgânicos voláteis (VOC's) po...
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