Background: Maxillary canines are considered as the keystone of mouth. It plays main role in supporting the upper lip and biting and tearing of food. Canines are also called as cuspids, the upper one is second most common teeth. The purpose of this research was to find the pattern and prevalence of the maxillary canine. Study design: It is a retrospective study conducted for the duration of six months from April 2022 to September 2022 at the dental department of Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 200 subjects visited the dental sciences department of the hospital. The patients who willingly participated in the study was included. The CBCT data was collected and sorted for the further use. Results: Out of the 200 subjects, the 96 (48%) males and 104 were females. The left buccal quadrant of impaction was observed in the 21 males and 15 females. The 5 male and 10 female subjects have the both buccal impaction position. The 8 male and 10 female have the both platal position of impaction. The prevalence of subtype l was 55% in the female and 44% in the males. The subtype II was observed in the 44% females and 55% males. There was no case of type IV subtype. The type VII prevalence was also higher in female 66% as compared to males 33%. Conclusion: The maxillary canine impaction is higher in the female as compared to the males. The impaction prevalence is most commonly observed on the left side as compared to the right side. It was also observed that the buccal and palatal impaction are predominant than other impactions. Keywords: cuspids, maxillary canine, palatal impaction

Background: Obesity is one of the highly emerging chronic disease. It is a major health concern now a days. The BMI of more than 35% of the adults were in the overweight category in 2008 but now the values are reported to be exceeded. The study aimed to assess the relationship between body mass index and chronic periodontitis. Study Design: It is a cross-sectional study with statistical approach, conducted at Karachi medical and dental college, Karachi Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 200 patients visited the dentist department of the hospital. The study was conducted for six month duration from Jan 2022 to June 2022. The ethical and review board of the hospital approved the study. Results: Among 200, 100 specimens belong to the normal weight category, 73 are overweight, and 27 are from the obese category. In each category, all the specimens are from similar age groups, but more males were present in the overweight and obese categories. Complete data analysis of these patients was performed. Then logistic regression analysis was performed, and it was predicted that periodontitis has a direct relation with the body mass index (BMI). About a 17% risk rate increases with an increase in each unit of BMI. Conclusion: This study supports the hypotheses of the association of obesity with periodontal issues. The body mass index is a factor for the assessment of different health risk factors. The body mass index and smoking are linked with periodontal issues. Smokers and obese people specifically young obese have a more critical periodontal state. Keywords: Body mass index and periodontitis.

Background: Dental implants have reorganized the field of renewing dentistry by providing a greatly successful and authentic surgery option for the patients with missing teeth. Surface characteristics of the implant are very vital for the success of the implant. This greatly affects the osseointegration and long term stability. Study design: It is a prospective study conducted at Lady Reading Hospital, MTI, Peshawar and Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi for the duration of one year from December 2021 to November 2022. Material and Methods: The study was done on patients visiting the tertiary care unit for a period of one year. There were 12 male and 13 female patients that participated in the study. The average age of patients was 56 years in case of men and 53 years for women. The data of number of implants was also analyzed and 12 patients went for 2 implants and 13 patients opted for 3 implants. The study was approved by the review and ethical board committee of the hospital. Results: The ISQ score of the patients that had two implants was 68.5±4.3, whereas the patients who went through 3 implants had ISQ score as 72.1±4.5. Those who had molar region implanted had ISQ score 72.1±2.1, while premolar patients had ISQ score as 72.3±3.1. Acid itching group had ISQ score as 68.4±2.4, the LASER group had ISQ score as 73.4±2.4. Conclusion: After the comparison of different implant surfaces used in human edentulous mandibles treatment. It was concluded that the LASER+HA and LASER are the most effective method for implants. These methods accelerates the Osseointegration process. Keywords: Dental implants and edentulous mandibles.

Background: The human lips are the essential structure for speech, facial expression and oral functions like eating, drinking and breathing. The orthodontic treatment is very crucial for the advancement of the facial expression Lip incompetence is a condition in which the lips fail to close adequately leading to negative effects on speech, facial esthetics and oral functions. Study design: It is a retrospective study conducted at WATIM Dental College Rawat, Rawalpindi and Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi for the duration of six months from Jan 2022 to June 2022. Material and Methods: The patients were divided into three groups. The patients that did not follow the inclusion criteria were excluded from the study. Group I had patients with competent lips, group II had patients with their lips apart and group III had incompetent lips. There were 45 patients in each group. Results: The length of group I members was 19.8 mm for men and 18.7 mm for women, which was less than group III individuals with 20 mm and 18.9 mm average upper lip length for males and females. Group II patients had a length of 17.5mm for male patients and 16.4 mm for female patients. The P-value was calculated and the results were statistically significant. Conclusion: The length of group I members was 19.8 mm for men and 18.7 mm for women, which was less than group III individuals with 20 mm and 18.9 mm average upper lip length for males and females. Group II patients had a length of 17.5mm for male patients and 16.4 mm for female patients. Keywords: Lip incompetence and competent lips.

Background: The orthodontist and patients prefer the usage of mini-screw anchorage due to its feasibility of insertion and removal, which necessitates minimum patient cooperation, and cost-effectiveness. Aim: The aim of the study is to access the mean perception of pain using a visual analogue scale after placing the mini-screws in orthodontic patients. Methods: Using convenient sampling technique, this cross-sectional study was held at Armed Forces Institute of dentistry, Rawalpindi and Shahida Islam Dental College, Lodhran for six-months duration from July 2022 to December 2022. A total of 80 patients took part in the study. On a 10-millimeter visual analogue scale (VAS), where 10 signifies "the severe pain presumable" and 0 signifies "no pain," they were asked to rate their anticipated level of pain Results: A total of 80 patients were selected for this study with the mean age of 21.1± 2.8. The majority of subjects (60%) were female, and the posterior maxilla (48.8%) and posterior mandible (30%) were mostly implanted with mini-screws. Mostly, patients described pain on the 1st day of mini-screws insertion with mean VAS was 4.10± 1.65 and on 7th day; minimum pain was experienced with VAS of 2.9±1.09. There was a significant variation (p ≤0.01) in the VAS score between the sexes, with women exhibiting a higher VAS score (39 ± 52.7) compared to men (35 ± 47.3). Conclusion: Mini screws can more precisely carry out difficult tooth movements than the traditional anchorage used in standard orthodontic treatment. Keywords: Pain, mini-screws placement, mean pain perception and visual analogue scale.